Chapter 11 - Genetics (11.1 - 11.2) Flashcards
Why did Gregor Mendel use pea plants to perform his experiments?
He used pea plants because he was able to carry out his experiments in one or two growing seasons. With humans, it would have taken decades or centuries. Additionally, peas grew quickly and produce lots of offspring.
What is segregation?
It is the principle stating that during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is the physical characteristics of an organism.
What is a genotype?
A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.
What does homozygous mean?
Homozygous means having two alleles for a particular gene. (Example - TT is homozygous dominant and tt is homozygous recessive)
What does heterozygous mean?
Heterozygous, otherwise known as hyrbid, means having two different alleles for a particular gene. (Example - Tt)
What is independent assortment?
Independent assortment is a principal that states genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.
What is the principal of dominance?
The principal of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
How did Gregor Mendel cross pollinate?
Gregor Mendel cut of the male parts of the pea plants and sprinkled the pollen from one plant onto the female parts of another.
What did the reappearance of shortness traits controlled by the recessive alleles in the F2 generation indicate?
The reappearance indicated that the alleles for shortness from the F1 generation had separated from the alleles for tallness during the formation of gametes.
How many genes control feather color in a parakeet that can be green, blue, yellow, or white?
In a parakeet that can be green, blue, yellow, or white, two genes control feather color.
What are genetics?
It is the scientific study of heredity, the delivery of characteristics from parent to offspring.
What is fertilization?
Fertilization is a process during sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to make a new cell. In peas, this new cell develops into a tiny embryo encased within a seed.
What is a trait?
A trait is a specific characteristic of an individual, such as seed color or plant height, and may vary from one individual to another.
When are recessive alleles represented?
They are represented only when a dominant allele is not present. Dominant alleles are always represented if one is present.
