Chapter 11 Flashcards
What factors were important to nineteenth century immigration to Hawaiʻi?
The continuing declining of the Hawaiian population and the first Reciprocity Treaty
Why did plantation workers (many different ethnic groups) not get along with each other?
Because they saw each other as competition for jobs, housing, and better pay. Because of different launguages, they couldn’t communicate with each other or work out disputes. They were also unfamiliar with each others cultural practices which often led to lack of understanding and respect.
What was a bango?
A metal identification tag with a number stamped on it that plantation workers had to wear everywhere they went.
What were some challenges of living on the plantation?
Housing for newly arrived laborers was often inadequate, very few laborers had land on which they could grow crops for food or money, all basic supplies were purchased from the plantation store, and immigrants were physically beaten for petty things.
Which ethnicity made up most of the labor force on the first plantations?
Native Hawaiian
How were Native Hawaiians treated on plantations?
Not good. They were payed minimally and offered no other benefits.
Why were camps/ shelters first built for laborers?
Plantation owners realized the benefit of having the plantation workers close to where they lived
How were the laborers separated into their camps?
Either by gender or ethnicity, but some had mixed ethnicities
Why did plantation owners want a mostly male workforce?
Because men were a lot easier to convince to come to Hawaiʻi under contract labor and most of them were young and did not have families of their own yet. They could be paid low wages since they required less to live and could be given cheap housing since they came from poor backgrounds and didn’t know better. Young men were also adventurous and welcomed the idea of leaving their small villages/ towns for something greater.
What was the population of women in the workforce in mid 1890s? And then in the 1920s?
7% in mid 1890s and 14% in 1920s.
What changed when Hawaiʻi became part of the U.S. in 1898?
The kind of contract labor arrangements in use in Hawai’i were made illegal. Laborers could no longer be forced to stay in Hawai’i and work on the plantation.
How did plantation owners try to prevent male laborers from leaving Hawai’i?
They tried to encourage them to have families so they would feel more settled and choose to stay in Hawai’i and families often showed better work ethic and sense of responsibility.
How did Japanese and Korean men try to remedy the problem of not enough females?
Arranged marriage with a woman from their home country
What is a picture bride?
A bride that is arranged to marry a person they do not know
How did men deceive women into becoming their picture brides?
By putting a picture of a younger version of themselves so the women would be more attracted to them
