Chapter 11 - Efferent Division: Autonomic and Somatic Motor Control

Question 1

the maintenance of homeostasis within the body is a balance of:

Answer 1

autonomic control, endocrine control, and behavioral responses

Question 2

the autonomic division is controlled by:

Answer 2

centers in the hypothalamus, pons, and medulla

Question 3

all preganglionic neurons secrete ___ onto ___ receptors

Answer 3

ACh, nicotinic cholinergic receptors

Question 4

postganglionic sympathetic neurons secrete ___ onto ___ receptors

Answer 4

NE, adrenergic receptors

Question 5

postganglionic parasympathetic neurons secrete ___ onto ___ receptors

Answer 5

ACh, muscarinic cholinergic receptors

Question 6

NE release and removal at a sympathetic neuroeffector junction

Answer 6

1. action potential arrives at the varicosity. 2. depolarization opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 3. Ca2+ entry triggers exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. 4. NE binds to adrenergic receptor on target. 5. receptor activation ceases when NE diffuses away from the synapse. 6. NE is removed from the synapse. 7. NE can be taken back into synaptic vesicles for re-release. 8. NE is metabolized by monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 7

the main enzyme for catecholamine metabolism/degradation

Answer 7

monoamine oxidase (MAO)

Question 8

postganglionic autonomic axons end w/ ___ from which neurotransmitter is released

Answer 8

varicosities

Question 9

the adrenal medulla secretes:

Answer 9

epinephrine primarily. (medulla is a/w sympathetic branch)

Question 10

adrenergic receptors are:

Answer 10

G protein-coupled receptors

Question 11

enzyme that breaks down ACh

Answer 11

acetylcholinesterase

Question 12

alpha (1 and 2) adrenergic receptors respond most strongly to:

Answer 12

NE

Question 13

beta1 adrenergic receptors respond:

Answer 13

equally to NE and E

Question 14

beta2 adrenergic receptors respond most strongly to:

Answer 14

E (and are not a/w sympathetic neurons)

Question 15

beta3 adrenergic receptors respond most strongly to:

Answer 15

NE