Chapter 11 - Blood

Question 1

which is not a main solid component of blood?
a. eurythrocytes
b. leukocytes
c. Platelets.
d. Plasma.
e. ions of O2

Answer 1

d

Question 2

which is not transported by plasma
a. Oxygen.
b. Ions.
c. Hormones.
d. Waste
e. Nutrients.

Answer 2

a

Question 3

question 194 notebook

Question 4

what are the three plasma proteins we focus on

Answer 4

albumins, globulin, fibrogen

Question 5

what is the purpose of albumins
a. Transport poorly soluble substances.
b. Contribute to blood clotting.
c. Maintain colloid osmotic pressure
d. Make antibodies.

Answer 5

c

Question 6

alpha and beta albumin contribute what function in the plasma

Answer 6

alpha transport poorly soluble proteins while beta contributes to blood clotting

Question 7

What is the shape of red blood cells?
A. Sphere.
B. Biconcave disc
D. Disc.
E. Alpha helix.
F. Beta sheet

Answer 7

b

Question 8

What are two advantages to the shape of red blood cells?

Answer 8

It provides a large larger surface area to move gas and thinner cells increase diffusion

Question 8

The membranes of red blood cells are flexible. What advantage does this have?

Answer 8

It allows them to travel quickly without receiving damage

Question 8

Red blood cells contain nothing except hemoglobin
True/false

Answer 8

False

Question 9

what are two enzymes that erythrocytes contain?

Answer 9

Glycolytic enzyme and carbonic anhydrase

Question 9

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

Answer 9

It binds and converts CO2 into HCO3 to transport.

Question 10

What is the function of a glycolytic enzyme?

Answer 10

Provide energy to fuel active transport mechanisms to maintain ionic gradient

Question 11

Red blood cells only last for (———-)

Answer 11

120 days

Question 12

Generation of new blood cells from the red bone marrow
A. Erythropoiesis.
B. Reticuloisis
C. Myeliosis
D. Pluripiosis

Answer 12

A

Question 13

what is the protein that triggers production of new red blood cells?

Answer 13

Erythropoietin

Question 14

At what stage does a red blood cell still have organelles?

Answer 14

eurythroblast

Question 15

Draw the evolution of a cell into a erythrocyte

Answer 15

Question 208

Question 16

At what stage does a red blood cell still have ribosomes?

Answer 16

reticulocyte

Question 17

What organ senses a drop in oxygen

Answer 17

Kidney

Question 18

What is anemia and what can cause it?

Answer 18

Anemia is below normal O2 carrying capacity

Question 19

List and describe the six categories of anemia

Answer 19

Week seven slide 21

Question 20

What is polycythemia?

Answer 20

Too many circulatory, red blood cells and an elevated hemocrit

Question 20

Primary polycythemia is caused by what?

Answer 20

Tumors

Question 21

Draw what a hemocrit test would look like for primary secondary and relative polycythemia.

Answer 21

Question 218

Question 21

Relative polycythemia is caused by what?

Answer 21

Loss of fluid, but having the same number of red blood cells

Question 21

Secondary polycythemia is caused by what?

Answer 21

Long-term oxygen reduction

Question 22

Define immunity

Answer 22

The ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign material or abnormal cells

Question 22

Answer question 219 and 220

Question 23

Which is not a function of leukocytes A. Defend against invading microorganisms. B. Remove worn out cells and tissues. C. Transport nutrients. D. Destroy cancer cells.

Answer 23

C

Question 24

what are two categories of white blood cell cells?

Answer 24

Polymorphonuclear granulocytes Mononuclear agranulocytes

Question 25

Which leukocyte is the main component of our adaptive immunity

Answer 25

Lymphocyte

Question 25

List five kinds of leukocytes

Answer 25

Basophil, neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil

Question 26

Which leukocyte is associated with parasites and allergic reactions

Answer 26

Eosinophil

Question 27

which leukocyte release granules filled with heparin and histamine

Answer 27

Basophil

Question 28

Which leukocyte and engulfs and destroys bacteria

Answer 28

Neutrophils

Question 28

Which leukocyte develops into macrophages once in tissue

Answer 28

Monocyte

Question 29

What are two types of lymphocytes?

Answer 29

T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes

Question 30

What is humoral immunity?

Answer 30

Antibodies produced by B lymphocytes

Question 31

Tissue that produces, stores, or processes lymphocytes

Answer 31

Lymphoid

Question 31

What is cell mediated immunity?

Answer 31

When T lymphocytes mediate cells directly destroying a target

Question 32

what are four examples of lymphoid tissues

Answer 32

Bone marrow, spleen, thymus, lymph

Question 33

List the blood cellular elements from most to least prevalent

Answer 33

Neutrals, eosiphils, basophils, monocyte, lymphocyte, red blood cell, platelet

Question 34

Small fragments that bud off of megakaryocytes

Answer 34

Platelets

Question 35

How many days do platelets last in the blood?

Answer 35

10

Question 36

What hormone stimulates platelet production?

Answer 36

Thromboprotein

Question 37

What is the alternate name for blood clotting?

Answer 37

hemostasis

Question 37

List and describe the three major steps of hemostasis

Answer 37

1. Vascular spasm: torn vessels constrict to limit blood loss. 2. Platelet plug formation: von willebrand factor adhere to collagen so platelets can bind 3. Blood coagulation: transformation of blood from liquid to a solid gel

Question 38

Describe how hemostasis is a positive feedback loop

Answer 38

Bong

Question 39

What is the most important step in blood coagulation?

Answer 39

Conversion of fibrogen into fibrin

Question 40

What catalyze is the conversion of fibrogen into fibrin?

Answer 40

The enzyme thrombin

Question 40

Why is fibrin so important for hemostasis?

Answer 40

It forms a meshwork that hold cells and activated platelets

Question 41

What is the thing that strengthens fibrin?

Answer 41

factor XIII

Question 42

What cells do platelets recruit to begin healing? A. Plasma. B. Fibroblast. C. T lymphocyte. D. B lymphocyte. E. Vasocyte

Answer 42

b

Question 43

During clotting plasma gets converted into (———-) A. Platelets. B. Clotting factor. C. Plasminogen D. Hagemencyte E. None of the above.

Answer 43

E

Question 44

Plasma does what during hemostasis A. Breaks down clots. B. Strengthens fibrin. C. Prevents antigens from entering. D. Discard debris.

Answer 44

A

Question 45

During hemostasis immune cells (————)

Answer 45

Clear away debris