Chapter 11 Basic concepts of organic chemistry Flashcards
What is a hydrocarbon?
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen only
What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon with single bonds only
What is an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon that contains carbon-carbon multiple bonds
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties whose successive members differ by the addition of a -CH2- group
What are alkanes?
saturated hydrocarbon chains of single carbon-carbon bonds and are the simplest homologous series
What is a functional group?
The part of the organic molecule that is largely responsible for the molecules chemical properties
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon where carbon atoms are joined to each other in unbranched or branched chains
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon where carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring structures, with or without branches
What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon where some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring
How do you name a alicyclic alkane?
Identfy the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms and shove a cyclo- on the front
What is a general formula?
An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a family of compounds
What is an empirical formula?
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
What is a molecular formula?
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
What is a structural formula?
Shows the arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon, with the attached hydrogens and functional groups
What is a displayed formula?
Shows how all the atoms are arranged, and all the bonds between them
