Chapter 11 - Adolescence Flashcards
A brain-neuroendocrine process occurring primarily in early adolescence that provides stimulation for the rapid physical changes that take place during this period of development.
Puberty
A girl’s first menstruation—comes rather late in the pubertal cycle. Initially, her menstrual cycles may be highly irregular.
Menarche
Powerful chemical substances secreted by the endocrine glands and carried through the body by the bloodstream.
Hormones
The location where fibers connect the brain’s left and right hemispheres.
Corpus Callosum
The part of the brain where emotions and rewards are processed.
Limbic System
The region of the brain that is the seat of emotions.
Amygdala
More effective in preventing unwanted pregnancy than birth control pills and condoms.
Contraceptive Implants
Contracted primarily through sexual contact, including oral, genital and anal-genital contact.
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Another problematic outcome of sexuality in adolescence and requires major efforts to reduce its occurrence.
Adolescent Pregnancy
Three leading causes of death in adolescence.
Unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide.
An eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder in which the individual consistently follows a binge and-purge pattern.
Bulimia Nervosa
Piaget’s formal operational concept that adolescents have the cognitive ability to develop hypotheses, or best guesses, about ways to solve problems.
Hypothetical-deductive Reasoning
The heightened self consciousness of adolescents.
Adolescent Egocentrism
Adolescents’ belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves are, as well as attention-getting behavior motivated by a desire to be noticed, visible, and “on stage.”
Imaginary Audience
The part of adolescent egocentrism that involves an adolescent’s sense of uniqueness and invincibility (or invulnerability).
Personal Fable
Effective control of thinking in a number of areas, including controlling attention, reducing interfering thoughts, and being cognitively flexible.
Cognitive Control
States that decision making is influenced by two cognitive systems—“verbatim” analytical (literal and precise) and gist based intuitional (simple bottom line meaning)—which operate in parallel. Basing judgments and decisions on simple gist is viewed as more beneficial than analytical thinking to adolescents’ decision making.
Fuzzy-trace Theory Dual-process Model
The circumstance of moving from the top position in elementary school to the lowest position in middle or junior high school.
Top-dog Phenomenon
A form of education that promotes social responsibility and service to the community.
Service Learning
