Chapter 11

Question 1

Conformers

Answer 1

Changes in external environment = internal changes (eg temperature, salinity, etc)

Question 2

Regulators

Answer 2

Have mechanisms to regulate their internal environment

Question 3

Estivation

Answer 3

Physiological inactivity to avoid the effects of drought

Question 4

Hypoosmotic

Answer 4

Lower salt concentration in their bodies compared to the external water

Question 5

Poiklitherms

Answer 5

Varying internal body temperature, regulation through behaviour mechanisms

Question 6

Homeotherm

Answer 6

Consistent internal body temperature, regulation through metabolic processes

Question 7

Ectothermy

Answer 7

Maintaining body temperature using thermal energy from their environment

Question 8

Endothermy

Answer 8

Maintaining internal body temperature via metabolic heat

Question 9

Dispersal

Answer 9

Moving environments with no intention of returning to the previous one

Question 10

Movement

Answer 10

Activity on a local scale

Question 11

Jump dispersal

Answer 11

From a good place, past a bad place, into another good place. Happens over a short period of time over the lifespan of an individual

Question 12

Diffusion

Answer 12

Slow movement across hospitable terrain

Question 13

Secular dispersal

Answer 13

Takes so long that evolutionary change takes place

Question 14

Passive dispersal

Answer 14

Vía wind, water, tiny, catching shape, hitch hikers

Question 15

Interspecific competition

Answer 15

At least 2 species after the same limited resource

Question 16

Predation /herbivory

Answer 16

A species eating all or part of a second species

Question 17

Mutualision

Answer 17

Species living together in a win-win situation

Question 18

Exploitative/scramble/resource competition

Answer 18

Short supply of a common resource, decreased growth of all competition

Question 19

Interference/contest competition

Answer 19

Where others actively try to stop other competitors eg. Allelopathy

Question 20

Competitive exclusion

Answer 20

Excludes a species from a habitat

Question 21

Unstable equilibrium

Answer 21

Half conditions converge towards, half move away from it

Question 22

Resource partitioning

Answer 22

Using different microhabitats in different ways at different times

Question 23

Competitive release

Answer 23

Removing the competitor, causes niche expansion

Question 24

Grimes’ classification of habitats

Answer 24

The intensity of disturbance and stress

Question 25

MacArthur and Pianka’s r & K selection scheme

Answer 25

r: unpredictable environments and high pop growth rate
K: predictable environment with efficient use of resources