Chapter 11 Flashcards
Conformers
Changes in external environment = internal changes (eg temperature, salinity, etc)
Regulators
Have mechanisms to regulate their internal environment
Estivation
Physiological inactivity to avoid the effects of drought
Hypoosmotic
Lower salt concentration in their bodies compared to the external water
Poiklitherms
Varying internal body temperature, regulation through behaviour mechanisms
Homeotherm
Consistent internal body temperature, regulation through metabolic processes
Ectothermy
Maintaining body temperature using thermal energy from their environment
Endothermy
Maintaining internal body temperature via metabolic heat
Dispersal
Moving environments with no intention of returning to the previous one
Movement
Activity on a local scale
Jump dispersal
From a good place, past a bad place, into another good place. Happens over a short period of time over the lifespan of an individual
Diffusion
Slow movement across hospitable terrain
Secular dispersal
Takes so long that evolutionary change takes place
Passive dispersal
Vía wind, water, tiny, catching shape, hitch hikers
Interspecific competition
At least 2 species after the same limited resource
Predation /herbivory
A species eating all or part of a second species
Mutualision
Species living together in a win-win situation
Exploitative/scramble/resource competition
Short supply of a common resource, decreased growth of all competition
Interference/contest competition
Where others actively try to stop other competitors eg. Allelopathy
Competitive exclusion
Excludes a species from a habitat
Unstable equilibrium
Half conditions converge towards, half move away from it
Resource partitioning
Using different microhabitats in different ways at different times
Competitive release
Removing the competitor, causes niche expansion
Grimes’ classification of habitats
The intensity of disturbance and stress
MacArthur and Pianka’s r & K selection scheme
r: unpredictable environments and high pop growth rate
K: predictable environment with efficient use of resources