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PHYSICS DEFINITIONS AS > CHAPTER 11 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

P- WAVES

A

primary waves- longitudinal waves that travel through the earth from an earthquake

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2
Q

S- WAVES

A

secondary waves- transverse waves that travel through the earth from an earthquake

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3
Q

PROGRESSIVE WAVE

A

a wave where the peaks and troughs, or commissions and rarefactions, move through the medium as energy is transferred

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4
Q

LONGITUDINAL WAVE

A

a wave where the medium is displaced in the same line as the direction of energy transfer- oscillations are parallel to the direction of wave travel

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5
Q

TRANSVERSE WAVE

A

a wave where the medium is displayed perpendicular to the to the direction of energy transfer- the oscillations of medium particles are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel

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6
Q

EQUILIBRIUM POSITION (WAVES)

A

the resting position for particles in the medium

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7
Q

RESTORING FORCE

A

a force that tries to return a system to its equilibrium position

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8
Q

PEAK

A

the maximum positive amplitude of a transverse wave

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9
Q

TROUGH

A

the maximum negative amplitude of a transverse wave

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10
Q

COMPRESSONS

A

a moving region in which the medium is denser or has higher pressure than the surrounding medium

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11
Q

RAREFACTIONS

A

a moving region in which the medium is less dense or has less pressure than the surrounding medium

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12
Q

DISPLACEMENT (WAVES)

A

the distance from the equilibrium position in a particular direction

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13
Q

AMPLITUDE

A

the maximum displacement from the equilibrium position

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14
Q

WAVELENGTH

A

minimum distance between two points in phase on adjacent waves

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15
Q

PERIOD OF OSCILLATION

A

the time taken for one oscillation or time taken for wave to move one whole wavelength past a given point

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16
Q

FREQUENCY

A

the number of wavelengths passing a given point per unit time

17
Q

WAVE SPEED

A

the distance travelled by the wave per unit time

18
Q

WAVE PROFILE

A

a graph showing the displacement of the particles in the wave against the distance along the wave

19
Q

IN PHASE

A

particles oscillating perfectly in time with each other are in phase

20
Q

ANTIPHASE

A

particles oscillating completely out of step with each other are in antiphase

21
Q

REFLECTION

A

the change in direction of a wave at a boundary between two different media, so that the wave remains in the original medium

22
Q

LAW OF REFLECTION

A

the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

23
Q

ANGLE OF INCIDENCE

A

the angle between the direction of travel of an incident wave and the normal at a boundary between two media

24
Q

ANGLE OF REFLECTION

A

the angle between the direction of travel of a reflected wave and the normal at a boundary between two media

25
Q

WAVEFRONT

A

a line of points in phase with each other i a wave, perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

26
Q

REFRACTION

A

the change in direction of a wave as it changes speed when it passes from one medium to another

27
Q

POLARISATION

A

the phenomenon in which oscillations of a transverse wave are limited to one plane

28
Q

PLANE POLARISED

A

description of a transverse wave in which oscillations are limited to only one plane

29
Q

UNPOLARISED

A

description of a transverse wave in which oscillations occur in may planes

30
Q

PARTIALLY POLARISED

A

description of a transverse wave in which there are more oscillations in one particular plane, but the wave is not completely plane polarised- occurs when transverse waves reflect off a surface

31
Q

INTENSITY

A

the radiant power passing through a surface per unit area

32
Q

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE

A

transverse waves with oscillating electric and magnetic field components, such as light and X-rays

33
Q

ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM

A

the full range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves, from gamma to rays to radio waves

34
Q

RADIO WAVES

A

long- wavelength electromagnetic waves, with wavelengths greater than 10^-1

35
Q

GAMMA WAVES

A

short- wavelength electromagnetic waves, with wavelengths from 10^-10 to 10^-16

36
Q

X-RAYS

A

short wavelength electromagnetic waves, with wavelengths from 10^-8 to 10^-13, which can be used in medical imaging

37
Q

REFRACTIVE INDEX

A

the refractive index of a material n=c/v

38
Q

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

A

the reflection of all light hitting a boundary between two media back into the original medium when the light is travelling through the medium with the higher refractive index and the incidence angle at the boundary is greater than the critical angle

39
Q

CRITICAL ANGLE

A

the angle of incidence at the boundary between two media that will produce an angle of refraction of 90 degrees

PHYSICS DEFINITIONS AS (12 decks)

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