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Biology Diversity > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Invertebrates

A

Does not have a back bone

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2
Q

Vertebrates

A

Has a back bone

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3
Q

Animal kingdom phylum

A

1) Porifera ( giant sponge vase)
2) Cnidaria ( jelly fish hydra)
3) Platyhelminthes ( Turbellaria, flukes)
4) nematoda ( hookworm, pink worm)
5) Rotifera ( Rotifers)
6) Annelida ( earthworms, leaches )
7) mollusca ( snails, clams)
8) Anthropoda ( insects, crab, mites )
9) Echinodermata ( starfish, sea )
10) Chordata ( fish , amphibians)

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4
Q

Cephalization

A

The concentration of nerve tissue and receptors at the anterior end of an animal body

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5
Q

Sessile

A

Not capable of independent movement. Sessile animals remain fixed in one place throughout their adult lives

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6
Q

Motile

A

Capable of movement . Motile animals are able to move from place to place by expending cellular energy

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7
Q

Hermaphroditic

A

Sharing both male and female sex cells

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8
Q

Larva

A

An intermediate form that an organism goes through to achieve adult form. Tadpoles are larval frogs

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9
Q

Metamorphoses

A

A series of stages that an organism goes through, from egg to adult

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10
Q

Nematocysts

A

Stinging capsules that aid in the capture of prey

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11
Q

Scolex

A

The knob like head of a tapeworm

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12
Q

Proglotttids

A

The segment like divisions of a tapeworms body

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13
Q

Segmentation

A

The repetition of body units that contain some similar structures

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14
Q

Nephridia

A

Open-ended tubules that function in extraction

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15
Q

Clitellum

A

A smooth swollen band found about on third of a way along the body of some Annelids. It secretes a protective covering for the eggs

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16
Q

Dioecious

A

Describes organism in which the male and female reproductive organs or Gonalds are carried by separate individuals

17
Q

Endoskeleton

A

An internal skeleton

18
Q

Exoskeleton

A

A tough outer covering or cuticle that provides protection and support to an organism

19
Q

Animal kingdom

A

Had 10 major phylum

Divide into 2 groups invertebrates and vertebrates

20
Q

Body symmetry

A
  • radial or bilateral symmetry
  • relates to lifestyle and brain development
  • higher brain development
21
Q

Phylum Porifera ( sponges )

A 
Sessile
Irregular shape 
No mouth or digestive cavity
Marine and freshwater
Cells are specialized but not arranged in tissues and organs
22
Q

Porifera feeding

A

Inside of body cavity lined with flagellated collar cells
Flagella aid in creating water currents that move water and small particles contained within it into the sponge through the small pores on the side
Wastes are carried out via the open market he of the sponge called osculum

23
Q

Phylum Cnidaria

A

Jellyfish hydra
Medusoid form ( motile) and polyp( sessile) form in life cycle of some organisms
Radial symmetry
Marine with a few fresh water

24
Q

Worm phyla

A

1) Platyhelminthes ( lacking a coelom )
2) Nematoda ( no peritoneum covering the body cavity )
3) Annelida ( having a true coelom)

25
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes ( flatworms)

A 
Bilateral symmetry and Cephalization 
Primitive brain
Have mesoderm
Rudimentary organs systems for digestion and excretion 
Free living or parasitic 
Marine or fresh water 
Mouth but no anus
26
Q

Free living flatworms

A

Reproduction
- asexual
Can regenerate complete organisms from fragments
-sexual
Hermaphroditic
Reproductive system present only during breeding season

27
Q

Phylum nermatoda ( roundworms

A

Most are small free living harmless some are parasitic
Simplest organisms to have complete digestion tract ( mouth and anus )
All habitats
Nervous system
No respiratory or circular system

28
Q

Phylum Annelids (segmented worms)

A 
Simplest animals that have a coelom 
Considered higher invertebrates 
Terrestrial and aquatic 
Circulatory , digestion, reproductive, excretory, and nervous system 
Segmented body
29
Q

Earth worm ( digestive system )

A

Food from mouth sent backwards by contractions of muscular pharynx to the crop where food is temporarily stored
Food moves to the gizzard for grinding
Undigested matter soil particles passed onto intestines
Food expelled through the anus

30
Q

Earth worm ( circulatory system)

A

Extensive network of blood vessels that branch and become smaller to form capillary beds
No central heart
Thickened muscular blood vessels in the anterior region act as pumps
Closed circulatory system

31
Q

Earthworm nervous system

A 
Dorsal ganglion ( brain ) 
Cells scattered in the body that receive chemical, mechanical and light stimuli
32
Q

Earth worm reproductive system

A

Hermaphroditic
No self fertilization
Clitellum procedures a cocoon around eggs to protect them
Small worms emerge from cocoon

33
Q

Phylum Mollusca

A 
Three largest classes:
-Gastropoda ( snail,slugs)
- bivalves ( clams, oysters)
- cephalopod ( squids, octopus)
The shell presents in many forms 
All habitats 
Have coelom 
Complete digestive tract
Bilaterally symmetrical at least during one part of their lives
34
Q

Phylum Arthropoda

A

Insects, crabs, mites, ticks, spiders, centipede
All habitats and modes of life, including parasitism
Segmented body, some segments may be fused; jointed appendages; external skeleton
Highly specialized jointed appendages have sensory functions or are used in food manipulation

35
Q

Anthropoda nervous system

A

Increased brain size

Various sensory organs

36
Q

Anthropoda digestive system

A 
Has three basic parts 
1) foregut 
2) midgut
3) hind gut
Reproduction ( external fertilization)
37
Q

Anthropoda circulatory system

A

Blood bathing the tissues in spaces or sinuses
Heart and arteries deliver blood to the body and sinuses
Book lungs in some terrestrial forms
Some have tracheal system

38
Q

Phylum echinoderm

A 
Starfish, sea cucumber, sea urchins
Sessile, sand burrowing or slow moving
Pentamerous radial symmetry 
Bilateral symmetrical larval stage 
Marine
39
Q

Phylum Chordata

A 
Fish,amphibians,reptiles,birds,mammals
All organisms that at some point in the development have 
 - a notochord 
- hollow dorsal nerve tub
- tail the extend beyond anus
- muscular tube called pharynx

Biology Diversity (5 decks)

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