Chapter 11 Flashcards
Invertebrates
Does not have a back bone
Vertebrates
Has a back bone
Animal kingdom phylum
1) Porifera ( giant sponge vase)
2) Cnidaria ( jelly fish hydra)
3) Platyhelminthes ( Turbellaria, flukes)
4) nematoda ( hookworm, pink worm)
5) Rotifera ( Rotifers)
6) Annelida ( earthworms, leaches )
7) mollusca ( snails, clams)
8) Anthropoda ( insects, crab, mites )
9) Echinodermata ( starfish, sea )
10) Chordata ( fish , amphibians)
Cephalization
The concentration of nerve tissue and receptors at the anterior end of an animal body
Sessile
Not capable of independent movement. Sessile animals remain fixed in one place throughout their adult lives
Motile
Capable of movement . Motile animals are able to move from place to place by expending cellular energy
Hermaphroditic
Sharing both male and female sex cells
Larva
An intermediate form that an organism goes through to achieve adult form. Tadpoles are larval frogs
Metamorphoses
A series of stages that an organism goes through, from egg to adult
Nematocysts
Stinging capsules that aid in the capture of prey
Scolex
The knob like head of a tapeworm
Proglotttids
The segment like divisions of a tapeworms body
Segmentation
The repetition of body units that contain some similar structures
Nephridia
Open-ended tubules that function in extraction
Clitellum
A smooth swollen band found about on third of a way along the body of some Annelids. It secretes a protective covering for the eggs
Dioecious
Describes organism in which the male and female reproductive organs or Gonalds are carried by separate individuals
Endoskeleton
An internal skeleton
Exoskeleton
A tough outer covering or cuticle that provides protection and support to an organism
Animal kingdom
Had 10 major phylum
Divide into 2 groups invertebrates and vertebrates
Body symmetry
- radial or bilateral symmetry
- relates to lifestyle and brain development
- higher brain development
Phylum Porifera ( sponges )
Sessile Irregular shape No mouth or digestive cavity Marine and freshwater Cells are specialized but not arranged in tissues and organs
Porifera feeding
Inside of body cavity lined with flagellated collar cells
Flagella aid in creating water currents that move water and small particles contained within it into the sponge through the small pores on the side
Wastes are carried out via the open market he of the sponge called osculum
Phylum Cnidaria
Jellyfish hydra
Medusoid form ( motile) and polyp( sessile) form in life cycle of some organisms
Radial symmetry
Marine with a few fresh water
Worm phyla
1) Platyhelminthes ( lacking a coelom )
2) Nematoda ( no peritoneum covering the body cavity )
3) Annelida ( having a true coelom)
Phylum Platyhelminthes ( flatworms)
Bilateral symmetry and Cephalization Primitive brain Have mesoderm Rudimentary organs systems for digestion and excretion Free living or parasitic Marine or fresh water Mouth but no anus
Free living flatworms
Reproduction
- asexual
Can regenerate complete organisms from fragments
-sexual
Hermaphroditic
Reproductive system present only during breeding season
Phylum nermatoda ( roundworms
Most are small free living harmless some are parasitic
Simplest organisms to have complete digestion tract ( mouth and anus )
All habitats
Nervous system
No respiratory or circular system
Phylum Annelids (segmented worms)
Simplest animals that have a coelom Considered higher invertebrates Terrestrial and aquatic Circulatory , digestion, reproductive, excretory, and nervous system Segmented body
Earth worm ( digestive system )
Food from mouth sent backwards by contractions of muscular pharynx to the crop where food is temporarily stored
Food moves to the gizzard for grinding
Undigested matter soil particles passed onto intestines
Food expelled through the anus
Earth worm ( circulatory system)
Extensive network of blood vessels that branch and become smaller to form capillary beds
No central heart
Thickened muscular blood vessels in the anterior region act as pumps
Closed circulatory system
Earthworm nervous system
Dorsal ganglion ( brain ) Cells scattered in the body that receive chemical, mechanical and light stimuli
Earth worm reproductive system
Hermaphroditic
No self fertilization
Clitellum procedures a cocoon around eggs to protect them
Small worms emerge from cocoon
Phylum Mollusca
Three largest classes: -Gastropoda ( snail,slugs) - bivalves ( clams, oysters) - cephalopod ( squids, octopus) The shell presents in many forms All habitats Have coelom Complete digestive tract Bilaterally symmetrical at least during one part of their lives
Phylum Arthropoda
Insects, crabs, mites, ticks, spiders, centipede
All habitats and modes of life, including parasitism
Segmented body, some segments may be fused; jointed appendages; external skeleton
Highly specialized jointed appendages have sensory functions or are used in food manipulation
Anthropoda nervous system
Increased brain size
Various sensory organs
Anthropoda digestive system
Has three basic parts 1) foregut 2) midgut 3) hind gut Reproduction ( external fertilization)
Anthropoda circulatory system
Blood bathing the tissues in spaces or sinuses
Heart and arteries deliver blood to the body and sinuses
Book lungs in some terrestrial forms
Some have tracheal system
Phylum echinoderm
Starfish, sea cucumber, sea urchins Sessile, sand burrowing or slow moving Pentamerous radial symmetry Bilateral symmetrical larval stage Marine
Phylum Chordata
Fish,amphibians,reptiles,birds,mammals All organisms that at some point in the development have - a notochord - hollow dorsal nerve tub - tail the extend beyond anus - muscular tube called pharynx
