Chapter 10 Flashcards
Kingdom Fungi
Most are unicellular Eukaryotic All are heterotrophs Reproduce asexually and sexually Most are terrestrial Decomposes with extracellular digestion Absorb nutrients from their environment through filaments called hyphae that form the mycelium Main functions: absorption of nutrients, and reproduction
Importance of fungi
Transform complex organic substances into raw materials that other fungi and plants use for growth and development
Yeast used to make wine, bread, beer
Penicillium produces antibiotics
Aspergillus is used to flavour soft drinks
Food: mushroom, morels, truffles
Ecological importance in breaking down complex chemicals
Kingdom plantea
Plants are organisms that lack mobility. Their cells are eukaryotic, have numerous organelles
Flowers reproductive organs
Pollen produced in stolen and goes to pistil
Pistil has sticky surface stigma and ovary
Similarities between plant and fungi
Cells are eukaryotic Numerous organelles Have cell walls Stationary Reproduction can be asexual, sexual or both
Differences
Plant Fungi
Have one nucleus per cell Have many
Most are autotrophs. Are heterotrophs
Most have roots. Have no roots
Some reproduce by seeds. Have no seeds
Mycelium
A collective term for the branching filaments that make up the part of a fungus not involved in sexual reproduction
Substrate
A surface in or on which an organism grows or is attached
Chitin
A nitrogenous polysaccharide of long fibrous molecules
Hypha
One of the filaments of the mycelium
Saprophytes
Organism that obtain nutrient from dead or nonliving organic matter
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are cone-bearing plants.
Most have needles covered by waxy protective cuticle
Seeds are “ naked “ or not enclosed
They are two types of cones males & females
Male cones : microspores mother cells undergo meiosis to reproduce haploid pollen grains
Female cones: have ovule in which megaspores undergo meiosis to reproduce only one megaspores
Pollen gets trapped on sticky sap secreted by the female cone
Angiosperms
Are flowering plants
They’re spermatophytes that produce seeds enclosed in fruit formed by certain flower parts
Sporangia
The reproductive structures in which spores are produced
Germinate
To grow or sprout; refers specifically to the embryo inside a plant seed
Vegetative
Describes any part of a fungus or plant that is not involved with sexual reproduction
Dikaryotic
Described cells that contain two haploid nuclei each of high came from a separate parent
Symbiotic relationship
A relationship between two organism in which both partners benefit from the interaction. Some of these relationships may be necessary for the survival of the partners while others benefit both partners but are not necessary
Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic relationship between the hyphae of certain fungi and the roots of many specific plants
Lichen
A combination of green algae or Cyanobacteria and a fungus growing together in a symbiotic relationship
Vascular
Describes the system of conductive tissue found in plants to transport water and dissolved materials throughout a plant. Vascular plants are referred to as tracheophytes
Nonvascular
To be without the conductive tissues found in vascular plants. Nonvascular plants are also referred to as bryophytes
Alternation of generation
One complete life cycle of plants
Gametophytes
Refers to a stage in a plants life cycle in which cells have haploid nuclei
Sporophytes
Refers to a stage in a plants life cycle in which cells have diploid
Rhizomes
The barely visible stems of fern
Pollen
The grains that contain haploid male gametophytes in seed plants
Ovules
The plant structure that contain the megaspores mother cell and, later, the single haploid megaspores, which is the female gametophyte
Seed
An ovule after fertilization containing an embryo which developed from zygote
Mosses
Live in moist coastal habitats
Mosses are pioneer plants
Bryophytes
Include 3 phyla
Lack true leaves and roots
Have rhizoids
Depend on osmosis diffusion and active transport to move water and nutrients between cells
Do not grow tall because they can’t lift water from the ground
How does a vascular system relate to plant height
Because without water and nutrients they can’t grow
What is the difference between perfect and imperfect flowers?
Best Answer: Perfect flowers are flowers that have both Carpels (Female Organs) and Stamen (Male Organs). This enables them to perform self-pollination.
Imperfect Flowers are flowers that have either a carpel or stamen, but they cannot have both.
Mosses
Mosses the most common bryophytes are non vascular plants
Transportation of water nutrients occurs through elongated cells
Both sporophytes and gametophyte
Only the gametophyte are photosynthetic
Haploid spores are produced by meiosis in the sporangium
Ferns
No flowers or seed but have a vascular system
Large leafy funds give large surface area for gas exchanges and photosynthesis to occur
Many have rhizomes
Prefer warm moist environments
