Chapter 10

Question 1

Kingdom Fungi

Answer 1

Most are unicellular 
Eukaryotic 
All are heterotrophs 
Reproduce asexually and sexually 
Most are terrestrial
Decomposes with extracellular digestion 
Absorb nutrients from their environment through filaments called hyphae that form the mycelium
Main functions: absorption of nutrients, and reproduction

Question 2

Importance of fungi

Answer 2

Transform complex organic substances into raw materials that other fungi and plants use for growth and development
Yeast used to make wine, bread, beer
Penicillium produces antibiotics
Aspergillus is used to flavour soft drinks
Food: mushroom, morels, truffles
Ecological importance in breaking down complex chemicals

Question 3

Kingdom plantea

Answer 3

Plants are organisms that lack mobility. Their cells are eukaryotic, have numerous organelles

Question 4

Flowers reproductive organs

Answer 4

Pollen produced in stolen and goes to pistil

Pistil has sticky surface stigma and ovary

Question 5

Similarities between plant and fungi

Answer 5

Cells are eukaryotic 
Numerous organelles 
Have cell walls
Stationary 
Reproduction can be asexual, sexual or both

Question 6

Differences

Answer 6

Plant Fungi
Have one nucleus per cell Have many
Most are autotrophs. Are heterotrophs
Most have roots. Have no roots
Some reproduce by seeds. Have no seeds

Question 7

Mycelium

Answer 7

A collective term for the branching filaments that make up the part of a fungus not involved in sexual reproduction

Question 8

Substrate

Answer 8

A surface in or on which an organism grows or is attached

Question 9

Chitin

Answer 9

A nitrogenous polysaccharide of long fibrous molecules

Question 10

Hypha

Answer 10

One of the filaments of the mycelium

Question 11

Saprophytes

Answer 11

Organism that obtain nutrient from dead or nonliving organic matter

Question 12

Gymnosperms

Answer 12

Gymnosperms are cone-bearing plants.
Most have needles covered by waxy protective cuticle
Seeds are “ naked “ or not enclosed
They are two types of cones males & females
Male cones : microspores mother cells undergo meiosis to reproduce haploid pollen grains
Female cones: have ovule in which megaspores undergo meiosis to reproduce only one megaspores
Pollen gets trapped on sticky sap secreted by the female cone

Question 13

Angiosperms

Answer 13

Are flowering plants

They’re spermatophytes that produce seeds enclosed in fruit formed by certain flower parts

Question 14

Sporangia

Answer 14

The reproductive structures in which spores are produced

Question 15

Germinate

Answer 15

To grow or sprout; refers specifically to the embryo inside a plant seed

Question 16

Vegetative

Answer 16

Describes any part of a fungus or plant that is not involved with sexual reproduction

Question 17

Dikaryotic

Answer 17

Described cells that contain two haploid nuclei each of high came from a separate parent

Question 18

Symbiotic relationship

Answer 18

A relationship between two organism in which both partners benefit from the interaction. Some of these relationships may be necessary for the survival of the partners while others benefit both partners but are not necessary

Question 19

Mycorrhizae

Answer 19

Symbiotic relationship between the hyphae of certain fungi and the roots of many specific plants

Question 20

Lichen

Answer 20

A combination of green algae or Cyanobacteria and a fungus growing together in a symbiotic relationship

Question 21

Vascular

Answer 21

Describes the system of conductive tissue found in plants to transport water and dissolved materials throughout a plant. Vascular plants are referred to as tracheophytes

Question 22

Nonvascular

Answer 22

To be without the conductive tissues found in vascular plants. Nonvascular plants are also referred to as bryophytes

Question 23

Alternation of generation

Answer 23

One complete life cycle of plants

Question 24

Gametophytes

Answer 24

Refers to a stage in a plants life cycle in which cells have haploid nuclei

Question 25

Sporophytes

Answer 25

Refers to a stage in a plants life cycle in which cells have diploid

Question 26

Rhizomes

Answer 26

The barely visible stems of fern

Question 27

Pollen

Answer 27

The grains that contain haploid male gametophytes in seed plants

Question 28

Ovules

Answer 28

The plant structure that contain the megaspores mother cell and, later, the single haploid megaspores, which is the female gametophyte

Question 29

Seed

Answer 29

An ovule after fertilization containing an embryo which developed from zygote

Question 30

Mosses

Answer 30

Live in moist coastal habitats

Mosses are pioneer plants

Question 31

Bryophytes

Answer 31

Include 3 phyla
Lack true leaves and roots
Have rhizoids
Depend on osmosis diffusion and active transport to move water and nutrients between cells
Do not grow tall because they can’t lift water from the ground

Question 32

How does a vascular system relate to plant height

Answer 32

Because without water and nutrients they can’t grow

Question 33

What is the difference between perfect and imperfect flowers?

Answer 33

Best Answer: Perfect flowers are flowers that have both Carpels (Female Organs) and Stamen (Male Organs). This enables them to perform self-pollination.

Imperfect Flowers are flowers that have either a carpel or stamen, but they cannot have both.

Question 34

Mosses

Answer 34

Mosses the most common bryophytes are non vascular plants
Transportation of water nutrients occurs through elongated cells
Both sporophytes and gametophyte
Only the gametophyte are photosynthetic
Haploid spores are produced by meiosis in the sporangium

Question 35

Ferns

Answer 35

No flowers or seed but have a vascular system
Large leafy funds give large surface area for gas exchanges and photosynthesis to occur
Many have rhizomes
Prefer warm moist environments