Chapter 11 Flashcards
Define: Symptom
Visible behaviors or subjective feelings that reveal an underlying problem. (Page 286)
Define: Antecedent Cause
An event that provokes a behavior. (Page 287)
Define: Response Variable
The three tools an OT practitioner can use, and change, to respond to behaviors in a client. (Page 288)
What are the three response variables OT practitioners can use?
- Self - Individual’s personality and interaction with others. Synonymous with therapeutic use of self.
- Environment - Context in which interaction with client can occur.
- Activity - Action that client and and therapist are engaged in.
(Page 288-289)
Define: Anxiety
Anxiety is a state of tension and uneasiness caused by conflicts that the ego is unable to resolve. (Page 290)
Response strategy for anxiety
Self - Encourage clients to talk about what is bothering them. Remain calm and gradually redirect conversation to neutral topic.
Environment - Calm, comfortable and familiar.
Activity - Help clients choose own activities. Preference should be given to activities that produce a successful result with excessive attention to detail.
(Page 290-291)
Define: Depression
Depression is a feeling of intense sadness, despair, and hopelessness. (Page 291)
Response strategy for depression
Self - Validate client symptoms while discussing reason behind Feelings of depression. Use matter of fact, even tempered acceptance.
Environment - Safe and subdued environment. Present choices of environment whenever possible.
Activity - Simple, structured, short-term, familiar activities. Be aware of suicide precautions when working with depressed clients.
(Page 294-296)
Define: Mania
Mania is a disturbance of mood characterized by excessive happiness (euphoria), generosity (expansiveness), irritability, distractibility, and increased activity level. (Page 297)
Response strategy for mania
Self - Remain calm, matter-of-fact, firm, and consistent. Set enforcement and limitations as needed.
Environment - Reduce stimulation as much as possible (manic patients tend to over respond to every bit of stimulation).
Activity - Activities that allow the patient to get up and move around are ideal. Short-term activities should be given preference.
(Page 298-299)
Define: Hallucination
A hallucination is a sensory experience that does not correspond to external reality. (Page 299)
Strategy response for hallucination
Self - Remain calm, firm, and natural. Reassure clients and help them understand hallucinations are not real. *Note: This is the answer according to the textbook. Lea suggested not confronting clients with hallucinations in class and said she disagrees with the book on this point.
Environment - Environment should be quiet with low stimulation. Clients should not be allowed to isolate themselves.
Activity - Highly structured activities that are encourage involvement and interaction with others.
(Page 301-302)
Define: Delusion
A delusion is a belief that is contrary to reality as experienced by others in one’s cultural group. (Page 302)
Strategy response for hallucination
Self - Avoid discussion clients delusion, as this may reinforce it. Redirect focus to what you are doing.
Environment - Relatively stimulating. Provide opportunities for client to be engaged in real-life.
Activity - Activities should be suited to clients cognitive level. Activities that could reinforce delusions in any way should be avoided.
(Page 304)
Define: Paranoia
Paranoia is a type of thinking in which persecution and grandiose ideas predominate. (Page 304)
