Chapter 1 Flashcards
Occupation is activity with a __________.
purpose
Occupational therapy views engagement in occupation as essential to both ____________ and ___________ health
physical, mental
This is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as “ a state of being, relative rather than absolute. The best indices of this are working, loving, and creating with the capacity for mature and flexible resolution of conflicts between instincts, conscience, important other people, and reality”
mental health
This is defined by the American Psychiatric Association as “a behavioral or psychologoical syndrome…” you get the point. What does that describe? I could go on like above but I don’t wanna.
mental disorder
difficulty carrying out ________ ______ _____ is cited as one of the major symptoms of a mental disorder.
daily life activities
Occupational therapy uses __________________ as its primary treatment tool.
occupation
With mental disorders, ____ and ______ reinforce each other; those who fail to act become less able to do so.
unhappiness, inactivity
The history of OT profession is intertwined with that of ________.
psychiatry
This movement was a pivotal state in the development of psychiatry as a separate medical discipline
moral treatment
The philosophy of moral treatment included respect for the __________ and a belief that the mentally ill would benefit most from a __________ and the opportunity to contribute.
individual, regular daily routine
What were some of the things prescribed in the early moral treatment hospitals? Pick a few, and then pick a few more
prescribed routine
- daily hygiene
- regular meals (sometimes prepared by inmates)
- craft work
- recreation
This type of therapy arose out of the moral treatment movement.
Occupational
Name the physician who was one of the founders of OT who had marvelous things to say about employment being part of moral treatment/early OT
Adolph Meyer
Early in the 20th century, the theories of this psychiatrist dominated the field.
Sigmund Freud
What are some of the methods that were used to treat mental disorders in the 1940s? 3 in particular
Prefrontal lobotomy
Insulin Shock Treatment
Electroconvulsive (shock therapy)
so glad I didn’t live back then….scary
A critical development during the 50s was the discovery and introduction of ________.
tranquilizers - yay, right?!?! Right…?
T or F: Currently, the consensus is that a genetic predisposition results in disease in vulnerable individuals, but that environmental factors, possibly viruses, are also involved.
T
Currently, psychiatry is oriented very strongly toward biological, biomechanical research and __
pharmalogical interventions
Imaging studies began in the ___
1990s
What are the 3 types of imaging used to show changes in the cerebral cortex, ventricles, and other brain structures?
PET, CT, and MRI
What does IPRT stand for?
intensive psychiatric rehab treatment
What is the goal of IPRT?
helping persons with mental disorders to function at their best in the environments of their choice.
who are consumers?
persons with mental disorders (p.7)
What has the consumer movement done for society?
It’s helped reduce stigma
It also improved the quality of life for persons with mental disorders
What organization represents the consumer movement?
NAMI - National Alliance on Mental Illness
This is a proposed public policy that would require insurance companies to reimburse for mental health care to same extent as for physical health care
mental health parity
Who developed the sensory integration theory?
A. Jean Ayers
A. Jean Ayers was an occupational therapist - true or false?
True!
Claudia Allen identified six levels of ___ ____.
cognitive functioning
Most theories of the 1950s and 1960s were criticized for being too ________.
reductionistic
During the 1960s and 1970s, _____ _____ and others attacked these approaches, arguing for a more comprehensive theory of OT practice that would focus primarily on the occupational nature of human beings.
Mary Reilly
Kielhofner and Burke and others built on Reilly’s work with the ______________________________.
model of human occupation
MOHO proposes that human response to the environment is formed from an interaction among 3 systems. What are these systems?
Volition (yep, now you remember!)
Habituation
Performance
In the 1980s, Florence Clark and others have been developing a new scientific discipline, __________________, for systematic study of the occupational nature of humans
occupational science
______________ is a way to study how people understand and tell the stories of their lives; it has enriched our appreciation and analysis of occupation and its relation to individuals
narrative reasoning
The passage of the __________________ has opened new opportunities for practice in mental health OT, working with consumers trying to gain access to employment and other situations.
ADA - Americans with Disabilities Act
The future of OT in ______ is unclear.
mental health
Despite reduced _____ and the movement ____ hospital practice, the mentally ill will continue to need and benefit from OT.
reimbursement, away
1801-1860
Moral Treatment era
1917
Founding of the National Society for the Promotion of OT
1930s and 40s
Biological treatment (lobotomies, insulin shock treatment, and Electroconvulsive therapy)
1955
Fist antipsychotic drugs
1963
deinstitutionalization
_______________________ means “Atoning for educability through delicate beauty.”
Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious
1965
Medicaid & Medicare enacted
T/F - The entry-level OTA is trained to collaborate with a supervising OT to provide OT svcs
T
T/F - Both OT and OTA are involved in all stages of the intervention process from screening and eval to discharge planning.
T - the OT just takes the leadership role
T/F - All OTAs will receive an honorary bachelor’s degree from the college of their grandfather (via USPS) once the educational standards change from AAS degree to Bachelor of Science Degree.
F
The OTA’s area of expertise is performance in which area?
the areas of occupation
What are the areas of occupation?
work, play, leisure, BADLS, IADLS, education, and social participation
Don’t forget to read case studies on page 14 &15
Freebie!
