chapter 11

Question 1

it is estimated that up to –% of children with disabilities have some type of nutritional problem

Answer 1

90%

Question 2

determines eligibility for early intervention services for a child with special health needs

Answer 2

a child’s eligibility for service doesnt require a specific diagnosis

Question 3

examples of situations that would enable children that qualify fro early intervention service

Answer 3

• developmental delay in one or more of the areas ( cognitive, physical, language and speech, psychosocial, or help-helping skill)
• a physical or mental condition with a high probability of delay
• at risk medically or environmentally for substantial developmental delay if services are nor provided

Question 4

what is Beonchopulmonary dysplasia

Answer 4

condition in which the underdeveloped lungs in a preterm infant are damaged so that breathing requires extra effort

Question 5

BPD: what type of nutritional intervention require?

Answer 5

increases nutrient needs, lower interest in eating& can slow growth
- recommend small, frequent meals with concentrated energy

Question 6

why are overweight and obesity are common in Down syndrome?

Answer 6

change in energy needs

Question 7

what causes Cystic fibrosis?

Answer 7

conditionin which genetically changed chromosome 7 interferes with all the exoctine functions in teh body, but particulary culmonary complication

Question 8

What kind of dietary changes or modifications are recommended for children who are underweight with a chronic condition?

Answer 8

1. nutrition interventions for underweight with a chronic condition may or may not recommended food choices for weight gain.
2. nutrition interventions regarding food intake, vitamin and mineral supplementation and mealtime behaviors also should be customized to the individual child.

Question 9

What is Rett syndrome?

Answer 9

Condition in which a genetic change on the X chromosome results in severe neurological delays, causing children to be short, thin-appearing and unable to talk.

Question 10

What is Diplegia?

Answer 10

Condition in which the part of the brain controlling movement of the legs is damaged, qxswinterfering with muscle control and ambulation.Disorder

Question 11

What are some signs that might indicate feeding problems in toddlers?

Answer 11

Low interest in eating, long mealtimes (over 30 minutes), preferring liquids over solids, and food refusals.

Question 12

What are some behavioral disorders that impact nutritional status?

Answer 12

ADHD: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Question 13

What are some programs where nutrition care may be accessed for children with special needs?

Answer 13

State programs for children 
Early intervention program
Early childhood education programs 
Head start 
Early head start 
WIC
Low-birthweight follow-up programs
Child care feeding programs (USDA)

Question 14

Peter, a first-born, had a low birth weight. He grew steadily in length and continued to gain weight, remaining at the 10th percentile on the CDC growth charts, until age 3. Between ages 3 and 4, his weight declined without any presenting illnesses. Would you expect him to be diagnosed FTT? Why or why not?

Answer 14

Yes

TFF is suspected when a child’s growth declines more than two growth percentile in weight-for-age, weight- for - length, and/or BMI

Question 15

What are some characteristics of food choices common to an autistic child?

Answer 15

they are sensitive to sensory information of all kinds
results in a rigid, self-restricted range of food choices
the adequacy of the child’s food selection

Question 16

What genetic or present –at-birth conditions would associated with a lower calorie needs? Higher calorie needs?

Answer 16

1. Lower calorie needs: Down syndrome, spina bifida, nonambulatory children with diplegia, prader-willi syndrome, nonambulatory children with short stature
2. Higher calorie needs: cystic fibrosis, renal disease, ambulatory children with diplegia, pediatric AIDS, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Question 17

Explain “Failure to Thrive”

Answer 17

1. Failure to thrive (FTT) is a condition in which an energy deficit is suspected.
2. Inadequate weight or height gain with growth declines more than 2 growth percentiles

Question 18

Generally, a diagnosis of FTT is suspected in children with chronic illnesses when their growth declines more than _____ percentiles and they are near or below the lowest percentiles.

Answer 18

Two growth

Question 19

What might cause a healthy toddler to suddenly develop diarrhea?

Answer 19

“Toddler diarrhea” typically caused by sucrose and sorbitol content of fruit juices. (limiting juice may be recommended)

Question 20

Symptoms such as diarrhea and digestive problems associated with celiac disease usually develop by _____ years of age.

Answer 20

Two

Question 21

Dietary management of celiac disease requires the elimination of which grains?

Answer 21

any Gluten containing foods

sensitivity to the protein gluten found in wheat & other grains

Question 22

What are some foods that should be excluded from the diets of children with celiac disease?

Answer 22

That include everything made with flour, such as bread and pasta, as well as foods with wheat, barley, or rye as an additive.
(The allowed foods include rice, soy, corn, and potato flours. Oats are gluten free but may be contaminated with gluten from wheat mixed in. Meats, fruits, and vegetables are not restricted, but many processed foods use wheat flour for thickening.)

Question 23

How would you start to do a nutritional assessment for a child with cerebral palsy?

Answer 23

1. Cerebral palsy is a shorthand name for a wide range of conditions in which medical diagnose, educational categories, and nutrition diagnoses differ.
2. The first plan is to use regular foods that are easy to eat to meet nutritional needs, including cooked rather than fresh vegetables and fruits, and to avoid hard-to-chew foods, such as roast beef or corn on the cob.

Question 24

What would you leave off the menu for a child with cerebral palsy who tires quickly at meal time?

Answer 24

not easy to chew, hard and big size foods

Question 25

Toddlers with breathing problems need fewer calories than/as typical toddlers. True or False?

Answer 25

False: food and nutrients intake recommendations for toddlers with BPD are similar or more to those for children with weakness.

Question 26

What are the dietary recommendations for toddlers with bronchopulmonary dysplasia?

Answer 26

1. small frequent meals with foods that are concentrated energy sources
2. additional complete nutritional supplements to meet the higher energy needed
   e. g.pediasure

Question 27

True food allergies are estimated to occur in _____% of children.

Answer 27

2-8%

Question 28

Children who have food allergies would more than likely be allergic to what foods?

Answer 28

Milk
Eggs
Wheat
Peanuts
Tree Nuts
Soy
Crustacean Shellfish

Question 29

A child that is allergic to milk protein also may have a high risk of developing an allergy to what other food(s)?

Answer 29

oranges and soy milk

Question 30

What is the treatment for an anaphylactic reaction to a food?

Answer 30

emergency life saving procedures and use of an injected form of epinephrine

Question 31

What special diets have been shown to help children with Down’s Syndrome?

Answer 31

no specific nutrients, combinations of nutrients or herbal remedies have been shown to improve the intellectual functioning of individuals with Down syndrome

Question 32

Describe any dietary concerns for children with sickle cell anemia.

Answer 32

iron-rich foods to increase their iron stores may not be appropriate when iron also comes with blood transfusions

Question 33

A gluten-free diet is recommended for autistic children. True or False?

Answer 33

False, Such diets have not been endorsed by professional societies.

Question 34

Some children have asthma as a result of food allergies. True or False

Answer 34

True.