Chapter 10 Flashcards
An infant’s weight____ from her birth weight by the time she is 1 year old.
Triples
On average, toddlers gain___ oz/ month and preschoolers gain___ lb/year.
8 ounces, 4.4 ounds
What measurements besides height and weight are used to track a child’s growth over time?
Head circumference
Weight for length
Weight for stature
BMI for age
Which growth charts are appropriate for children ages 1-2? 2-4?
Ages 1-2: WHO growth charts
Ages 2-4: CDC growth charts
A body mass index (BMI) in the 90th percentile would indicate that a 3 year old was obese or overweight?
Overweight
What are some indications that a body is ready for weaning?
At 9 to 10 months of age
When solid food intake increase
When they learn to drink from a cup
Disinterest in breastfeeding or bottle feeding
Typically, at what age range do babies begin to wean from the bottle to the cup?
Completely from 12-14 months
What are some federally funded programs may benefit young children?
WIC/ Farmer’s Marker Nutrition Program (FMNP)
Head Start/Early Head Start
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
List some foods that should not be served to children less than two years of age because of their potential as choking hazards.
Hard candy popcorn nuts Whole grapes Hot dogs
What is the “rule of thumb” regarding portion sizes for toddlers?
1 tablespoon of food per year of age
Ex: 2 year old child would need two tablespoons
Using the standard rules of thumb, a toddler who is 3 years old would require what serving size of mashed potatoes?
3 year old child would need 3 tablespoons
Temper tantrums generally peak between the ages of __ and ___
2 and 4 years
Why is preschool age is a good time to teach children about foods, food selection, and preparation because
Preschool-age children want to be helpful and to please their parents and caretakers.
This characteristic makes the preschool years a food time to teach children about foods, food selection, and preparation by involving them in simple food-related activities
What are the three temperamental clusters that generally categorize children’s behavior?
- 40% “easy” temperaments
- 10% “difficult” temperaments
- 15% “slow-to-warm-up”
Approximately what proportion of children have an “easy” temperament?
40%
The “easy” child is regular in function, adapts easily to regular schedules, and tries and accepts new foods readily.
What foods do most toddlers gravitate toward naturally?
Children have an unlearned preference for sweet and slightly salty tastes; they tend to dislike bitter, sour, and spicy foods
What happens if parents restrict a young child’s access to enjoyable food?
parents should be cautioned not to severely restrict “junk foods,” foods high in fat and sugar, as that may make these foods even more desirable to the child.
At a daycare center, a staff member generally hands out cookies only to those children who eat well-especially their main dish. What is your reaction to this?
When the adults focused the children on external cues for eating, children lost their ability to regulate food intake based on calories.
Approximately how many exposures to a new food might it take for a toddler to accept the flavor or taste?
Children tend to be wary of new foods and tastes, and it may take repeated exposures to new foods before these are accepted
What are some meal preparation activities that would appropriate for a two year old? Three year old? Four year old?
- at 2 years: Tear lettuce or greens, Rinse vegetables or fruits, snap green beans
- At 3 years: Mash potatoes, squeeze citrus fruits, Stir pancake batter
- At 4 years: peel eggs and some fruits, such as oranges and bananas, crack eggs, help make sandwiches and tossed salads
Beginning at age 3, what is considered when estimating a child’s energy requirements?
The DRI equations for estimating energy requirements are base on a child’s gender, age, height, weight, and physical activity level (PAL).
categories of activity are defined in terms of walking equivalence.
Which nutrition problems are common among toddlers?
Iron-deficiency anemia
What is the recommended treatment for iron-deficiency anemia in toddlers?
Iron supplements
Counseling with parents
Repeat screening
What are the major contributors to the increase in childhood weight problems?
High-energy
High-fat diets coupled with sedentary lifestyles
Estimate the energy needs of a four-year-old, female toddler weighing 35lb( 16kg) who is physically active
1475 Kcal/day
The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) for fat are _____ for children 1 to 3 years and _____ for children 4 to 18 years old.
30-40 % for children 1 to 3 years
25-35% for children 4-18 years
The RDA for iron for children ages 4-8 years is _____.
10 mg/day
the general fiber recommendation for 5 years old children
25g/day
what are some recommendations for toddlers whose parents are vegetarian
several meals a day, avoid excessive bulky foods, include energy dense foods, fat-include omega-3, source of vitamin B12, D and calcium should be included or supplemented
approximately – of children between the age of 2-5 consume soft drinks
50%
the prevalence of iron deficiency is highest in what two groups of children
low income children, african-american and mexican-american
in general, children age 1-5 tend to consume more than enough of most nutrients in their diets–
energy met or exceed recommendations
Ellyn Satter: common mistakes do parents make when feeding a toddler/
not respecting feeding relationship
