Chapter 11

Question 1

ambidextrous approach

Answer 1

A characteristic of an organization that can behave in both an organic and a mechanistic way (p. 402)

Question 2

change process

Answer 2

The way in which planned changes occur in an organization (p. 399)

Question 3

creative departments

Answer 3

Organizational departments that initiate change, such as research and development, engineering, design, and systems analysis (p. 403)

Question 4

creativity

Answer 4

The generation of novel ideas that may meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities (p. 399)

Question 5

culture changes

Answer 5

Changes in the values, attitudes, expectations, beliefs, abilities, and behaviour of employees (p. 397)

Question 6

dual-core approach

Answer 6

An organizational change perspective that identifies the unique processes associated with administrative change compared to those associated with technical change (p. 411)

Question 7

horizontal coordination model

Answer 7

A model of the three components of organizational design needed to achieve new product innovation: departmental specialization, boundary spanning, and horizontal linkages (p. 407)

Question 8

idea champions

Answer 8

Organizational members who provide the time and energy to make things happen; sometimes called advocates, intrapreneurs, and change agents (p. 404)

Question 9

idea incubator

Answer 9

Safe harbour where ideas from employees throughout the organization can be developed without interference from bureaucracy or politics (p. 403)

Question 10

incremental change

Answer 10

A series of continual progressions that maintains an organization’s general equilibrium and often affects only one organizational part (p. 394)

Question 11

large group intervention

Answer 11

An approach that brings together participants from all parts of the organization (and may include outside stakeholders as well) to discuss problems or opportunities and plan for change (p. 415)

Question 12

management champion

Answer 12

A manager who acts as a supporter and sponsor of a technical champion to shield and promote an idea within the organization (p. 405)

Question 13

new-venture fund

Answer 13

A fund that provides financial resources to employees to develop new ideas, products, or businesses (p. 404)

Question 14

organization development

Answer 14

A behavioural science field devoted to improving performance through trust, open confrontation of problems, employee empowerment and participation, the design of meaningful work, cooperation between groups, and the full use of human potential (p. 415)

Question 15

organizational change

Answer 15

The adoption of a new idea or behaviour by an organization (p. 398)

Question 16

organizational innovation

Answer 16

The adoption of an idea or behaviour that is new to an organization’s industry, market, or general environment (p. 398)

Question 17

product and service changes

Answer 17

Changes in an organization’s product or service outputs (p. 396)

Question 18

radical change

Answer 18

A breaking of the frame of reference for an organization, often creating a new equilibrium because the entire organization is transformed (p. 394)

Question 19

skunkworks

Answer 19

Separate, small, informal, highly autonomous, and often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas for the business (p. 404)

Question 20

strategy and structure changes

Answer 20

Changes in the administrative domain of an organization, including structure, policies, reward systems, labour relations, coordination devices, management information control systems, and accounting and budgeting (p. 396)

Question 21

switching structures

Answer 21

An organization creates an organic structure when such a structure is needed for the initiation of new ideas (p. 403)

Question 22

team building

Answer 22

Activities that promote the idea that people who work together can work together as a team (p. 416)

Question 23

technical champion

Answer 23

A person who generates or adopts and develops an idea for a technological innovation and is devoted to it, even to the extent of risking position or prestige; also called product champion (p. 405)

Question 24

technology changes

Answer 24

Changes in an organization’s production process, including its knowledge and skills base, that enable distinctive competence (p. 397)

Question 25

time-based competition

Answer 25

Delivering products and services faster than competitors, giving companies a competitive edge (p. 409)

Question 26

venture teams

Answer 26

A technique to foster creativity within organizations in which a small team is set up as its own company to pursue innovations (p. 404)