Chapter 09

Question 1

bureaucracy

Answer 1

An organizational framework marked by rules and procedures, specialization and division of labour, hierarchy of authority, technically qualified personnel, separation of position and person, and written communications and records (p. 330)

Question 2

bureaucratic control

Answer 2

The use of rules, policies, hierarchy of authority, written documentation, standardization, and other bureaucratic mechanisms to standardize behaviour and assess performance (p. 336)

Question 3

centralization

Answer 3

Level of hierarchy with authority to make decisions (p. 332)

Question 4

charismatic authority

Answer 4

Based in devotion to the exemplary character or heroism of an individual and the order defined by him or her (p. 337)

Question 5

clan control

Answer 5

The use of social characteristics, such as culture, shared values, commitments, traditions, and beliefs, to control behaviour (p. 338)

Question 6

collectivity stage

Answer 6

The life-cycle phase in which an organization has strong leadership and begins to develop clear goals and direction (p. 324)

Question 7

downsizing

Answer 7

Intentionally reducing the size of a company’s workforce by laying off employees (p. 343)

Question 8

elaboration stage

Answer 8

The organizational life-cycle phase in which the red-tape crisis is resolved through the development of a new sense of teamwork and collaboration (p. 326)

Question 9

entrepreneurial stage

Answer 9

The life-cycle phase in which an organization is born and its emphasis is on creating a product and surviving in the marketplace (p. 324)

Question 10

formalization

Answer 10

The degree to which an organization has rules, procedures, and written documentation (p. 332)

Question 11

formalization stage

Answer 11

The phase in an organization’s life cycle involving the installation and use of rules, procedures, and control systems (p. 326)

Question 12

incident command sytem

Answer 12

Developed to maintain the efficiency and control benefits of bureaucracy yet prevent the problems of slow response to crises (p. 334)

Question 13

life cycle

Answer 13

A perspective on organizational growth and change that suggests that organizations are born, grow older, and eventually die (p. 323)

Question 14

market control

Answer 14

A situation that occurs when price competition is used to evaluate the output and productivity of an organization (p. 337)

Question 15

organizational decline

Answer 15

A condition in which a substantial, absolute decrease in an organization’s resource base occurs over a period of time (p. 340)

Question 16

personnel ratios

Answer 16

The proportions of administrative, clerical, and professional support staff (p. 332)

Question 17

rational-legal authority

Answer 17

Based on employees’ belief in the legality of rules and the right of those in authority to issue commands (p. 337)

Question 18

self-control

Answer 18

A person’s values are brought into line with the organization’s values to control behaviour (p. 339)

Question 19

traditional authority

Answer 19

Based in the belief in traditions and the legitimacy of the status of people exercising authority through those traditions (p. 337)