Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is the autonomic division comprised of?
antagonistic control, autonomic pathways, targets and neurotransmitter release, adrenal medulla
Somatic division consist of what three divisions?
Neuromuscular junction
Neurotransmitter release
Motor unit recordings in humans
What is the role of the autonomic division in homeostasis?
Keeping the balance between parasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic (fight or flight)
What does the antagonistic control of the autonomic division do?
Controls internal organs, either inhibitory or excitatory
Autonomic control centres in the brain help control the functions of what?
Water balance, temp, hunger, respiration, cardiac, vommiting, and swallowing
What are the two neurons in the autonomic pathways?
Preganglionic neuron, and postganglionic neuron
What’s the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic spinal cord exit?
sympathetic - thoracic and lumbar
parasympathetic - brainstem and sacral
What’s the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic location of ganglion?
sympathetic- beside vertebral column
parasympathetic- on or near target
What to sympathetic pathways do?
Acetylcholine and norepinephrine, short, ACh, Nicotinic, Autonomic ganglion, long, norepinephrine, adrenergic receptor, target tissue
What to parasympathetic pathways do?
Acetylcholine, long, ACh, Nicotinic, Autonomic ganglion, short, ACh, muscarinic receptor, target tissue
What to autonomic targets, target?
Smooth and cardiac muscle, exocrine and endocrine glands, lymphoid and adipose tissue
What is a neuroeffector junction?
What is a varicosities?
What are the 8 steps of norepinephrine releasing at a varicosity of a symathetic neuron?
- AP arrives at varicosity
- Depolarization opens Ca2+
- Ca2+ entry triggers exocytosis of vesicles
- NE bings to adrenergic receptor on target
- Receptor activation ceases when NE diffuses from the synapse.
- NE is removed from synapse
- NE taken back to SV for rerelease
- NE then metabolized by monoamine oxidase
Do adrenal glands fuse together with kidneys?
Yes
Is adrenal cortex is a true endocrine gland?
Yes
What is the adrenal medulla?
Modified sympathetic ganglion
What is a primary neurohormone?
Epinephrine
What are the three pathways of the autonomic nervous system?
Para (ACh), sympathetic (NE), and adrenal pathways (Epi)
What does the somatic motor division do?
CNS, ACh, Nicotinic receptor, skeletal muscle
What does the anatomy of the neuromuscular junction?
A synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle; schwann cell sheath, axon terminal, mitochondria, motor end plate
