Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the autonomic division comprised of?

A

antagonistic control, autonomic pathways, targets and neurotransmitter release, adrenal medulla

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2
Q

Somatic division consist of what three divisions?

A

Neuromuscular junction
Neurotransmitter release
Motor unit recordings in humans

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3
Q

What is the role of the autonomic division in homeostasis?

A

Keeping the balance between parasympathetic (rest and digest) and sympathetic (fight or flight)

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4
Q

What does the antagonistic control of the autonomic division do?

A

Controls internal organs, either inhibitory or excitatory

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5
Q

Autonomic control centres in the brain help control the functions of what?

A

Water balance, temp, hunger, respiration, cardiac, vommiting, and swallowing

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6
Q

What are the two neurons in the autonomic pathways?

A

Preganglionic neuron, and postganglionic neuron

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7
Q

What’s the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic spinal cord exit?

A

sympathetic - thoracic and lumbar
parasympathetic - brainstem and sacral

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8
Q

What’s the difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic location of ganglion?

A

sympathetic- beside vertebral column
parasympathetic- on or near target

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9
Q

What to sympathetic pathways do?

A

Acetylcholine and norepinephrine, short, ACh, Nicotinic, Autonomic ganglion, long, norepinephrine, adrenergic receptor, target tissue

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10
Q

What to parasympathetic pathways do?

A

Acetylcholine, long, ACh, Nicotinic, Autonomic ganglion, short, ACh, muscarinic receptor, target tissue

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11
Q

What to autonomic targets, target?

A

Smooth and cardiac muscle, exocrine and endocrine glands, lymphoid and adipose tissue

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12
Q

What is a neuroeffector junction?

A
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13
Q

What is a varicosities?

A
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14
Q

What are the 8 steps of norepinephrine releasing at a varicosity of a symathetic neuron?

A
  1. AP arrives at varicosity
  2. Depolarization opens Ca2+
  3. Ca2+ entry triggers exocytosis of vesicles
  4. NE bings to adrenergic receptor on target
  5. Receptor activation ceases when NE diffuses from the synapse.
  6. NE is removed from synapse
  7. NE taken back to SV for rerelease
  8. NE then metabolized by monoamine oxidase
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15
Q

Do adrenal glands fuse together with kidneys?

A

Yes

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16
Q

Is adrenal cortex is a true endocrine gland?

A

Yes

17
Q

What is the adrenal medulla?

A

Modified sympathetic ganglion

18
Q

What is a primary neurohormone?

A

Epinephrine

19
Q

What are the three pathways of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Para (ACh), sympathetic (NE), and adrenal pathways (Epi)

20
Q

What does the somatic motor division do?

A

CNS, ACh, Nicotinic receptor, skeletal muscle

21
Q

What does the anatomy of the neuromuscular junction?

A

A synaptic connection between the terminal end of a motor nerve and a muscle; schwann cell sheath, axon terminal, mitochondria, motor end plate