Chapter 11

Question 1

What is expressive culture?

Answer 1

the ways in which human behaviour is thought and expressed.

Question 2

What are the mediums of expressive culture?

Answer 2

art, music, crafts, architecture, garden, play, games and leisure

Question 3

What concepts are connected to expressive culture?

Answer 3

• livelihoods
• religious and social norms
• ethnic, cultural, religious and political identity
• struggles and resistance
• power and dominancy

Question 4

What is art?

Answer 4

Debates but we will say art is the application of imagination, skill, and style to matter, movement, and sound that goes beyond the purely practical.

Question 5

How does western culture differentiate between art and non art?

Answer 5

Enlightenment ideology has influenced conceptions of art, defines based on aesthetics, perceived level of skill, connection to institution.

Question 6

What does western culture define as fine art?

Answer 6

Art created by a formally schooled artist, that is made for sale, unique and not for everyday use.

Question 7

What does western culture define as folk art?

Answer 7

Art not produced for market, for everyday uses made by artist with no formal training.

Question 8

What are the forms of art in western culture?

Answer 8

Graphic arts (painting, sculpture, architecture, engraving, etc…), decorative arts (interior design, gardening…), performance art (music, dance, jokes, etc..).

Question 9

What are ethno-aesthetics?

Answer 9

Culturally specific definitions of art viewed through culturally specific established criteria.

Question 10

What is an example of ethno-aesthetics?

Answer 10

Yoruba wood carving has specific guidelines which include: optimal physical peak, clear line and form, symmetry, figures depicted halfway between realism and abstraction.

Question 11

What are some examples of cultures that are identified by their artworks?

Answer 11

• berbers: woolen carpet
• maya: woven and embroidered blouses
• inuit: stone carvings
• australian aboriginal: wood caring
• The Gullah culture: sweet-grass baskets

Question 12

Who was the influential figure in studying art? Why?

Answer 12

Franz Boas. Said to study art from artist’s perspective.

Question 13

What are the focuses of art in anthropology?

Answer 13

• social functions of arts
• context of art making
• study art from the artist’s perspectives
• Artist’s place in the society
• cross cultural understanding of art

Question 14

What is a Shikha?

Answer 14

Female performer

Question 15

What are some social functions of art? (functionalist analysis)

Answer 15

• socializing children into the culture
• communication of personal and group identity
• legitimization of political leaders, especially in times of war
• commonly represent dominant, normal, powerful and hegemonic concepts
• catalyst for political resistance and social change

Question 16

What are cultural meanings of leisure events? (i.e. super bowl)

Answer 16

Olympic games: advertisement for you country
Indian wrestling: spirituality

Question 17

Expressive culture is studied by looking at what?

Answer 17

• social stratification
• colonialism
• globalization
• commodification
• and a form of resistence

Question 18

What is ethnomusicology?

Answer 18

Cross cultural study of music. Focuses on music itself, social position of musicians and how it interacts with other domains of culture.

Question 19

How does music and gender manifest among the Temiar of Malaysia?

Answer 19

Temiar are foragers with an even distribution of gendered power, their music traditions reflect that culture.

Question 20

What is Kathakali?

Answer 20

Ritual dance in Southern India where performers are transformed into one of several well known characters from Indian mythology.

Question 21

How was architecture studied in japan?

Answer 21

Resenberger studied home decorating magazines and found that they were targeted towards middle and upper class households. They express the importance of modern design and abandon traditional japanese design elements (tatami mats, shoji mats, susuma sliding wall panels).

Question 22

What is heterotopia?

Answer 22

Formed from elements drawn for multiple and diverse contexts

Question 23

What is play?

Answer 23

Has no direct use, limited in terms of time, has rules, tension and chance.

Question 24

What does Clifford Geetz say about games and sports?

Answer 24

They are models of culture.

Question 25

What is an example of people first heritage project?

Answer 25

Waanyi Women’s history project in Australia