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Social Welfare - Final Exam > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

is a universal category
that reflects the historical, cultural,
religious, and economic structures
of a particular society

A

disability

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2
Q

forms of physical and mental diversity that are
experienced by people as impairments when
environmental barriers are present

A

disability

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3
Q

disability barriers include

A

Attitudinal
Technological
Informational or communication
Architectural or physical
Organizational or systemic

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4
Q

Main information source on the
experiences and needs of Canadians
over age 15 with disabilities

A

Canadian Survey on Disability

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5
Q

Prevalence of disabilities tends to increase with age, but more than ___________ (540,000; 13%) experience disabilities.

A

half a million youth

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6
Q

6.2 million (one in five) Canadians
have ___________that limit their daily
activities

A

disabilities

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7
Q

true or false: Prevalence varies across life course

A

true

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8
Q

Multiple disabilities is common:

A
  • 29% have one disability
  • 38% have two or three disabilities
  • 33% have four or more disabilities
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9
Q

Youth with disabilities are at a _______ of not
being in school or employed, and________ with severity of disability

A

-higher risk
-increases

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10
Q

15% of youth with mild disabilities are _________

A

not in school or employed

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11
Q

31% of youth with severe disabilities are ______________

A

not in
school or employed

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12
Q

Among those not in school or employed, 87% have
either a __________or ____________.

A
  • mental health
  • learning related disability
  • or both
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13
Q

59% of working age adults with
disabilities are ____________compared to
80% of working age adults without
__________________

A

employed

disabilities

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14
Q

true or false: Those with more severe disabilities
were significantly more likely to work

A

false: less likely

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15
Q

Overall, persons with disabilities experience _________rates of poverty than those without (but rates vary based on a number of factors)

A

higher

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16
Q

People with disabilities are more likely to be poor if they:

A
  • Have severe disabilities (compared to mild disabilities)
  • Are women (compared to men)
  • Live alone (compared to live with others)
  • Are lone parents
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17
Q

Models of disability include:

A

Medical model
Social and human rights model
Biopsychosocial model
Structural model

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18
Q

Based in rehabilitative medicine; views disability primarily as a medical condition

Centers individual aspects of disability (impairments)

Grounded in the idea that individuals with disabilities need to adapt or “fit in” with society as much as possible

Focus is on curing or fixing the individual as much as possible to facilitate this adaptation

A

Medical model

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19
Q

Constructs disability as “an unfortunate life
event where some form of professional and
medical assistance is required

A

Medical model

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20
Q

Disability is viewed as a __________

A

personal tragedy

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21
Q

true or false: the medical model Assumes that individuals and their families must go through stages of mourning and grief before acceptance and adaption

A

true

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22
Q

Focuses on fixing society to better fit the needs of
people with disabilities (rather than trying to change people with disability to better adapt to society)

“…holds that the problems faced by people with
disabilities are not the result of physical impairments
alone, but also result from the social and political
inequality between people with and without
disabilities” (p. 435)

A

Social and human rights model

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23
Q

Social and human rights model frames disability as a _____________

A

human rights issue

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24
Q

A human rights approach to
disability acknowledges that people
with disabilities are _____________
and that social structures and
policies restricting or ignoring the
rights of people with disabilities
often lead to __________ and ___________.

A

rights holders

discrimination and exclusion”

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25
Q

Social and human rights model Identifies _________and __________ barriers as the primary cause of issues experienced by people with disabilities

A

structural and social barriers

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26
Q

Social and human rights model Contextualizes the multiple interlocking barriers
experienced by people with disabilities as a form of _________ and centers as analysis of ________,
___________, and ______________.

A

oppression

stigma, discrimination and marginalization

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27
Q

True or false: Social and human rights model Focuses on social and political change to challenge the structural, social, and attitudinal barriers that impact persons with disabilities

A

true

28
Q

Integrates the medical and human
rights model

Seeks to address disability at both an
micro (individual) and macro (social)
levels

Constructs disability as a health issue
and, as such, includes an analysis of
the social determinants of health

A

Biopsychosocial model

29
Q

medical model + social and human rights model + Biopsychosocial model = ?

A

Structural model

30
Q

serves as a major barrier to the full and equitable
participation of people with disabilities in our society and contributes to their systemic marginalization

A

stigma

31
Q

Oppressive dominant ideologies construct
people with disabilities as…

A
  • to be feared
  • burdens
  • undesirable
  • uninspirational
  • tragic
  • to be pittied
  • incapable
32
Q

Stigma related barriers

A

Social avoidance
Stereotyping
Discrimination
Condescension
Blaming
Internalization
Hate crimes and violence

33
Q

A belief in the superiority of people without disabilities

A

ableism

34
Q

Revulsion, avoidance,
infantilization, condescension, and
other forms of overt prejudice at the
personal level”

A

Personal prejudice

35
Q

A negative image of being disabled (people without disabilities are valued more than those with
disabilities

A

Cultural norms

36
Q

The many ways in which people with
disabilities are kept out of the mainstream
and marginalized because of structural
and legal barriers

A

Social divisions

37
Q

Constructs disability as a source of pride through
measures such as:
Reclaiming language (example: crip and mad)

Creation of new language (example: neurodivergent)

Creation of distinct cultures (example: deaf culture)

A

affirmative model

38
Q

British North America Act dictates that provinces are responsible for :

A

social welfare

39
Q

What is the result of this: British North America Act dictates that provinces are responsible for social welfare?

A

Significant provincial differences in approach

40
Q

Because of these provincial differences, no universal support care programs were established for people with disabilities, and ____________________ for people with disabilities exists in Canada to the present day

A

no comprehensive nationwide support care policy

41
Q

People with disabilities were (generally) considered the __________ and given license to beg

A

deserving poor

42
Q

meant that persons with disabilities were cared
for through non-institutional methods of relief and were more or less a part of the community

A

Outdoor relief

43
Q

People with disabilities were often criminalized and institutionalized in_____, ______ and _______.

A

jails

poor houses

asylums

44
Q

Few separate programs for people with disabilities; instead people with disabilities were housed with either _________(poorhouses) or with “_________” (jails)

A
  • poor people
  • criminals
45
Q

By mid-twentieth century,
provinces had developed
______________ for
people with disabilities

A

differentiated institutions

46
Q

examples of differentiated institutions

A

residential schools for children with disabilities

asylums for people with psychiatric disabilities

specialized hospitals.

47
Q

true or false: post world war programs for persons with disabilities in Canada gained prominence with advances in scientific medicine.

A

true

48
Q

Post world wars such programs were based on a _______________ of disability, with doctors and health care professionals the gatekeepers to such programs through the formal “diagnosis” of disability

A

medical model

49
Q

Established post World War II and led
to expanding medical and social
services to persons with disabilities
based on the medical model of
disability

A

Rehabilitative services

50
Q

Framed people with disabilities as members of an
oppressed social group disempowered by social and structural barriers

Also promoted movement from institutional to community based services to promote the full participation of people with disabilities in society

A

Disability rights movement

51
Q

Major civil rights legislations include:

A

Canadian Human Rights Act (1977)

Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Ontario Human Rights Code

52
Q

Funding that individuals with disabilities receive varies depending on the source of their support.

Funding also varies based on the nature of the disability (and when and how it was acquired)

A

Income security

53
Q

income security variation example

A

a person who has significant respiratory
problems acquired in the workplace environment vs. an individual who develops similar problems with no specific identified cause.

54
Q

The Act outlines how to identify and remove accessibility barriers and prevent new
barriers, including barriers in:
- Built environments and public spaces
- Employment
- Information and communication technologies
- Procurement of goods and services
- Delivering programs and services
- Transportation

A

The Accessible Canada Act (2019)

55
Q

The Accessible Canada Act main principles

A
  • Inherent dignity
  • Equal opportunity
  • Barrier-free government
  • Autonomy
  • Inclusive design
  • Meaningful involvement
56
Q
  • Lack of clear timelines
  • Act allows for exemptions
  • only includes aareas and industries under federal jurisdiction and control.
  • Depending on provincial legislations to cover these gaps, important sectors will not be covered.
A

Limitations/ criticisms of the Accessible Canada Act (2019)

57
Q

improve opportunities for people with disabilities

Provide for their involvement in the identification,
removal, and prevention of barriers to their full
participation in the life of the province

Make Ontario a barriers –free province

A

Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2001)

58
Q

Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2001), Only focused on governmental and public sector, did not extend to barriers in the ___________.

A

private sector

59
Q

true or false: Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2001)did not make the removal and prevention of barriers mandatory

A

false (did)

60
Q

true or false: Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2001) did not provide for accessibility standards to be
developed or reviewed.

A

true

61
Q

true or false : Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2001) called for a new enforcement mechanisms

A

false: they did not

62
Q

true or false: Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2001)
Sought to develop, implement, and enforce accessibility standards by January 1, 2025 and
addresses “goods, services, facilities, accommodation, employment, buildings, structures, and premises”.

A

true

63
Q

true or false: Ontarians with Disabilities Act (2001) Brought together persons with disabilities, provincial government, and industry representatives to develop the
standards

A

true

64
Q

The objective underlying the ILM is to
encourage and help persons with
disabilities achieve self-direction over the
personal and community services needed
to attain independent living

A

Independent Living Movement (ILM)

65
Q

The independent living philosophy is
that persons with disabilities are
__________and only secondarily
consumers of health care,
rehabilitation, or social services. As
such, they have the same right to
participate, the same range of options,
and the same degree of freedom in
everyday life that other citizens may
take for granted

A

citizens first

66
Q

Consumer controlled organizations
that support people with disabilities to
help one another achieve independence in the community and to advocate for community services and supports to assist in this goal

A

Independent Living Resource Centres (ILRC)

67
Q

is the national coordinating body of ILRCs in Canada

A

Canadian Association of Independent Living Centres (CAILIC

Social Welfare - Final Exam (5 decks)

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