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Social Welfare - Final Exam > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

There is a lack of
consensus over what
constitutes “old age”

A

OLD

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2
Q

Researchers, practitioners,
and policy makers have
used different markers to
guide decisions regarding
what constitutes “old age”

A

chronological markers
Physiological markers
Socio-cultural markers

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3
Q

chronological markers

A

Years of age

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4
Q

Physiological markers

A

Menopause

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5
Q

Socio-cultural markers

A

Retirement

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6
Q

stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination against
people based on their age

A

ageism

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7
Q

Two primary goals of income security
for older adults:

A

1- “Ensure older people have sufficient
income regardless of their pre- retirement income”

2- “Avoid a drastic reduction in
standard of living upon retirement”

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8
Q

Level 3 primary plan

A
  • Occupational Pensions
  • Private Savings
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9
Q

Level 2 social insurance

A
  • Public Pension Plans
  • Canada and Quebec Pension Plans
    (CPP and QPP)
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10
Q

Level 1 basic minimum

A
  • Old Age Security (OAS)
  • Guaranteed Income Supplement
    (GIS) and Provincial/Territorial supplements
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11
Q

who pays for it?

A

private plans
cpp and Qpp
QAS and GIS

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12
Q

Individuals and/or their employers

A

private plans

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13
Q

Contributions made by those retiring (paid into while they were working), with contributions matched by their employer

A

CPP and QPP

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14
Q

Federal government via taxes (provinces/territories responsible for Provincial/Territorial
Supplements)

A

QAS and GIS

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15
Q

Basic Minimum programs include

A
  • old Age Security (OAS)
  • Guaranteed Income Supplements (GIS)
  • Allowance
  • Provincial & territorial benefits
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16
Q

provides a basic pension (adjusted for inflation) to virtually everyone over 65 years of age who has lived in Canada for the required length of time

A

old age security program

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17
Q

who pays for the old age security program ?

A

fed gov

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18
Q

It was intended as a ‘guaranteed annual income’
program; indeed, it is one of the few guaranteed
income programs operating in industrialized
countries

A

Guaranteed Income Supplement (GIS)

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19
Q

Provides a means-tested (income tested)
benefit to people between 60-65 whose
spouse is over 65

Provides benefits for those 60 to 64
whose spouse has died (stops when one
remarries or lives with a new common-
law partner for at least one year)

A

allowance

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20
Q

Federal benefits are supplemented with
provincial and territorial benefits in…

A

Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan,
Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon, the
Northwest Territories, and Nunavut.

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21
Q

t or f: The provincial programs are generally means
or income tested

A

true

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22
Q

The provincial programs are administered
by _________

A

local social assistance or welfare
departments

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23
Q

Provides benefits to retirees who paid
into the system (made contributions)
while they were working

“It is therefore an insurance type of
income security program-it ensures the
contributor against loss of income due
to retirement

A

Public pension

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24
Q

public pension includes:

A

Canada Pension Plan (CPP)
Quebec Pension Plan (QPP)

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25
Q

Public contributory pension paid for by mandatory
contributions to the plan by all employed or self-
employed Canadians over the age of 18.

Employee contributions are matched with
contributions by their employer.

Program adjusted for inflation; also includes
disability, survivor, and death benefits

A

Canadian Pension plan (CPP)

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26
Q

CPP/QPP: Non-retirement contingencies include:

A

Disability benefits
Survivor benefits
Death benefits

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27
Q

Provides benefits to contributors unable to work due to “severe” and “prolonged” disability

A

Disability benefits

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28
Q

Paid to the surviving spouse of a deceased contributor

A

Survivor benefits

29
Q

Lump sum = 6x the contributor’s monthly pension (up to a maximum) paid upon death

A

Death benefits

30
Q

Governed by agreements between
the federal government and
Quebec to ensure that people who
move in/out of Quebec carry all
pension benefits with them

A

Quebec Pension Plan (QPP)

31
Q

t or false :cpp is a seperate program to QPP

A

true

32
Q

pensions are…

A

through employers

33
Q

savings are through

A

personal savings

34
Q

Federal government defers taxes on some
savings/investment programs until the savings are
withdrawn or received as pension income

A

Tax assistance

35
Q

Tax assistance plans include:

A
  • Registered Retirement Savings Plans (RRSP)
  • Registered Pension Plan (RPP)
  • Deferred Profit-Sharing Plans (DPSP)
36
Q

The Alliance for a National Seniors
Strategy is a coalition of groups and
organizations serving seniors
(including the Canadian Association
of Social Workers) who have come
together to advocate for the
development of an evidence-based
National Seniors Strategy for
Canada

A

alliance

37
Q

Elder abuse take many forms and can
be perpetrated by:

A
  • Spouses
  • Adult children
  • Family members/friends
  • Caregivers
  • Strangers
38
Q

Forms of elder abuse:

A

Emotional/psychological abuse
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Financial abuse/exploitation
Neglect/abandonment

39
Q

Research has shown that the most aging adults in
Canada desire to “age in place”, __________, rather than in__________-

A
  • in their own home and communities
  • in institutional care
40
Q

having the health and social
supports and services you need to live safely and
independently in your home or your community for as long as you wish and are able

A

aging in a place

41
Q

Benefits of aging in place

A
  • Decreased rates of depression
  • Reduction of physical and emotional hardships of leaving a familiar place
  • Increased social support and maintenance of social networks
  • Decreased costs (aging in place with supports is cheaper than institutional care)
42
Q

Housing options for seniors include:

A

Mainstream housing

Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs)

Independent living and active lifestyle accommodation

Retirement residences

Supportive housing/assisted living

Long term care (LTC)

43
Q

Community housing that is not senior-specific

A

Mainstream housing

44
Q

Mainstream housing in neighborhoods which were not built specifically for seniors but have a large number of senior residents

A

Naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs)

45
Q

Community based seniors only housing that combines accommodations with some amenities (example: housing co-shares with private rooms
but communal kitchen and living areas)

A

Independent living and active lifestyle accommodation

46
Q

Private units in a communal setting with shared common areas and multiple amenities (example: meal preparation, housekeeping, recreational
programming). Usually privately owned and resident pays for all costs

A

Retirement residences

47
Q

Accessible housing designed for seniors that also includes on-site services and professional supports (e.g. personal support, recreational
activities, counselling, medication support, etc.)

A

Supportive housing/assisted living

48
Q

Institutional housing for seniors who require 24 hour support and assistance with daily living tasks as well as nursing supervision and care

A

Long term care (LTC)

49
Q

As more seniors desire to age in place,

A

more friends and family members will take
on caregiving roles

50
Q

true or false: informal caregiving comes at a cost for caregivers (who are disproportionately
women)

A

true

51
Q

Caregivers need:

A

economic support
social support

52
Q

to account for lost wages as well as direct costs
associated with caregiving

A

economic support

53
Q

to address caregiver burnout and to provide
respite care

A

social support

54
Q

Covid 19 revealed…

A

the current crisis in long term care

55
Q

effect of the long-term care crisis

A

75% of deaths linked to Covid 19
occurred in long term care homes

56
Q

true or false: The proportion of deaths in long term
care homes in Canada was lower
than the proportion of such deaths in
other wealthy countries

A

false; it was higher

57
Q

Technological improvements + universal health care in Canada =?

A

significant increase in life span

58
Q

2017: average life expectancy for women and men was…

A

84.38 yearsfor women and for men 80.65 years

59
Q

With continued technology and enhanced public health and prevention, it is expected that life spans will continue to…

A

extend

60
Q

what will be the result of the extension of life spans?

A

People will need income supports for a longer time

61
Q

true or false: Total fertility rate in Canada has been above the population replacement rate for years

A

false; below

62
Q

what was the result of the following: 1971 was last year in which birth rate met or exceeded the replacement rate (2.1 children per
woman)

A

The proportion of older adults =grow

proportion of subsequent
generations to care for them = shrink

63
Q

the largest generation reaching retirement age

A

baby boomers

64
Q

what is the result of boomers reaching retirement age?

A

A larger number of older adults will need income supports as they exit the labour market

65
Q

Due to labour market disruptions associated with the gender nature of care work and the gender gap in pay, women _________to the Canada Pension Plan during their working years (so they receive lower benefits)

A

contribute less

66
Q

Labour market disruptions and lower earnings also mean that women are able to accrue ____________ for retirement

A

less private personal savings

67
Q

Women also have _________expectancies, so they need to make the income they have _____________.

A
  • longer life expectancies
  • last for a longer period of time
68
Q

true or false: Older women are also more likely to be single or widowed

A

true

69
Q

is a coalition of groups and
organizations serving seniors
(including the Canadian Association
of Social Workers) who have come
together to advocate for the
development of an evidence-based
National Seniors Strategy for
Canada

A

The Alliance for a National Seniors
Strategy

Social Welfare - Final Exam (5 decks)

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