chapter 11 Flashcards
theory based on John Bowlby’s work that posits that children are biologically predisposed to develop attachments to caregivers as a means of increasing the chances of their own survival.
attachment theory
refers to the idea that the presence of a trusted caregiver provides an infant or toddler with a sense of security that makes it possible for the child to explore the environment.
secure base (bowlby)
a procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to assess infants’ attachment to their primary caregiver.
strange situation
a securely attached infant may be upset when the caregiver leaves but may be happy to see the caregiver return, recovering quickly from any distress. When children are securely attached, they can use caregivers as a secure base for exploration.
secure attachment
in which infants or young children are clingy and stay close to their caregiver rather than exploring their environment. infants tend to become very upset when the caregiver leaves them alone in the room. When their caregiver returns, they are not easily comforted and both seek comfort and resist efforts by the caregiver to comfort them.
insecure/resistant attachment
infants or young children seem somewhat indifferent toward their caregiver and may even avoid the caregiver. If the infant gets upset when left alone, he or she is as easily comforted by a stranger as by a parent.
avoidant attachment
Their behavior is confused or even contradictory, and they often appear dazed or disoriented.
disorganized/disoriented attachment
caregiving behavior that involves the expression of warmth and contingent responsiveness to children, such as when they require assistance or are in distress.
parental sensitivity
a conceptual system made up of one’s thoughts and attitudes about oneself.
self concept
argue that children learn by interacting with their environments
Piaget and Vygotsky
the process of comparing aspects of one’s own psychological, behavioral, or physical functioning to that of others in order to evaluate oneself.
social comparison
a form of adolescent egocentrism that involves beliefs in the uniqueness of one’s own feelings and thoughts.
personal fable (my parents dont understand me)
when you think everyone is looking and judging you
Imaginary audiance
harry harlow monkey study shows
social deprivation studies (preferred food over mother)
-Through attachment relationship, child develops a mental
representation of the self, of attachment figures, and relationships
in general
-This guides children’s interactions with caregivers and others
throughout life
Internal working model
