chapter 10

Question 1

argues that neurological and biological systems have evolved to allow humans, from infancy, to experience and then express a set of basic emotions through adaptation to our surroundings

Answer 1

discrete emotions theory

Question 2

According to what theory emotional responses are largely automatic and not based on cognition.

Answer 2

discrete emotions theory,

Question 3

what perspective argues that individuals experience emotions in order to manage the relationship between themselves and the environment

Answer 3

functionalist perspective

Question 4

what year of life does Children’s expressions of happiness increase

Answer 4

first year

Question 5

fear is shown by

Answer 5

7 months

Question 6

Children’s tendency to react to a situation with anger appears to peak around

Answer 6

18 to 24 months of age

Question 7

Most infants begin to express surprise by

Answer 7

6 months

Question 8

they require that children have a sense of themselves as separate from other people

Answer 8

self-conscious emotions

Question 9

infants can distinguish facial expressions of happiness, surprise, and anger

Answer 9

By 3 months of age

Question 10

that is, their use of a parent’s or other adult’s facial expression or vocal cues to decide how to deal with novel, ambiguous, or possibly threatening situations.

Answer 10

social referencing

Question 11

which are a social or cultural group’s informal norms about when, where, and how much one should show emotions, as well as when and where displays of emotion should be suppressed or masked by displays of other emotions

Answer 11

display rules

Question 12

in which a caregiver provides the needed comfort or distraction to help the child reduce his or her distress.

Answer 12

co-regulation

Question 13

is a set of conscious and unconscious processes used to both monitor and modulate emotional experiences and expressions

Answer 13

emotional regulation

Question 14

what derives from a set of skills that helps individuals achieve their personal goals in social interactions while maintaining positive relationships with other

Answer 14

Social competence

Question 15

a circumstance in which the same temperament characteristic that puts some children at high risk for negative outcomes when exposed to a harsh home environment also causes them to blossom when their home environment is positive

Answer 15

differential susceptibility

Question 16

the concept that certain risk factors do not always lead to a mental disorder

Answer 16

multifinality,

Question 17

the concept that various causes can lead to the same mental disorder

Answer 17

equifinality

Question 18

Internal well-being and external relationships

Answer 18

two components of mental health

Question 19

directed toward people and
first emerge as early as 6 to 7 weeks of age

Answer 19

Social smiles

Question 20

reveals reactions to atypical parent response

Answer 20

Still Face Procedure

Question 21

*First clear negative emotion
*Anger, distress, and/or pain

Answer 21

Generalized distress:

Question 22

lasts until about age 2 but is variable

Answer 22

stranger wariness

Question 23

Guilt, shame, embarrassment, and pride

Answer 23

self conscious emotions

Question 24

associated with empathy for others and
involves feelings of remorse and regret and the
desire to “make it right”

Answer 24

guilt

Question 25

does not seem to be related to concern
about others

Answer 25

Shame

Question 26

Clinical depression rate in
adolescents is

Answer 26

15%