chapter 10 Flashcards
argues that neurological and biological systems have evolved to allow humans, from infancy, to experience and then express a set of basic emotions through adaptation to our surroundings
discrete emotions theory
According to what theory emotional responses are largely automatic and not based on cognition.
discrete emotions theory,
what perspective argues that individuals experience emotions in order to manage the relationship between themselves and the environment
functionalist perspective
what year of life does Children’s expressions of happiness increase
first year
fear is shown by
7 months
Children’s tendency to react to a situation with anger appears to peak around
18 to 24 months of age
Most infants begin to express surprise by
6 months
they require that children have a sense of themselves as separate from other people
self-conscious emotions
infants can distinguish facial expressions of happiness, surprise, and anger
By 3 months of age
that is, their use of a parent’s or other adult’s facial expression or vocal cues to decide how to deal with novel, ambiguous, or possibly threatening situations.
social referencing
which are a social or cultural group’s informal norms about when, where, and how much one should show emotions, as well as when and where displays of emotion should be suppressed or masked by displays of other emotions
display rules
in which a caregiver provides the needed comfort or distraction to help the child reduce his or her distress.
co-regulation
is a set of conscious and unconscious processes used to both monitor and modulate emotional experiences and expressions
emotional regulation
what derives from a set of skills that helps individuals achieve their personal goals in social interactions while maintaining positive relationships with other
Social competence
a circumstance in which the same temperament characteristic that puts some children at high risk for negative outcomes when exposed to a harsh home environment also causes them to blossom when their home environment is positive
differential susceptibility
the concept that certain risk factors do not always lead to a mental disorder
multifinality,
the concept that various causes can lead to the same mental disorder
equifinality
Internal well-being and external relationships
two components of mental health
directed toward people and
first emerge as early as 6 to 7 weeks of age
Social smiles
reveals reactions to atypical parent response
Still Face Procedure
*First clear negative emotion
*Anger, distress, and/or pain
Generalized distress:
lasts until about age 2 but is variable
stranger wariness
Guilt, shame, embarrassment, and pride
self conscious emotions
associated with empathy for others and
involves feelings of remorse and regret and the
desire to “make it right”
guilt
does not seem to be related to concern
about others
Shame
Clinical depression rate in
adolescents is
15%
