Chapter 11 & 12

Question 1

When and what was the ‘Great Turn’?

Answer 1

From 28 to 29’, it was the abandonment of the NEP in favour for rapid industrialisation and brutal enforcement of agriculture.

Question 2

Name 3 key reasons why the Great Turn was needed by 27’

Answer 2

• More efficiency was needed to increase output and lower costs of production
• Industrialisation was too slow; by 27’, the NEP failed to produce the expected growth. They wanted the USSR military to be self reliant, and less reliant on imports
• Low supply of grain due to low prices, so suppliers weren’t motivated to supply
• Many in the party were impatient to return the ‘true’ communist ideology, not the free market stuff
• Stalin could now push through with the policies he’s always wanted

Question 3

Name the 3 aims of the first 5 year plan

Answer 3

• Develop heavy industry
• Boost overall production by 300%
• Improve transport, especially railways
• Light industry to have low priority but to be doubled in output
• Increases in agricultural production to feed the industrial workforce

Question 4

What were the 3 factors that were behind the drive for collectivisation

Answer 4

• Grain procurement crisis of Winter 27’/28’
• Need for increased food supplies to support the expansion of the industrial workforce from the 1st 5 year plan
• The ideological conviction that collectivisation was the right socialist approach