Chapter 11 Flashcards
Lipids are molecules that are not ________, but are _______ in organic solvents
water soluble; soluble
What are the 5 major classes of lipids?
- Free fatty acid (common fuel)
- Triacylglycerols (storage form of fatty acids)
- Phospholipids (membrane lipids)
- Glycolipids (membrane lipids composed in part of carbohydrates)
- Steroids (polycyclic hydrocarbons w/ a variety of functions)
Name the 3 types of membrane lipids
- Phospholipids
- Glycolipids
- Cholesterol
True or False: Fatty acids are composed of hydrocarbon chains with Carbon and Hydrogen atoms
True
One end of the fatty acid hydrocarbon chain will be a ________ acid and the other end will be a _________ group
carboxylic acid; methyl group
Fatty acids are…
a) polar and soluble in water
b) nonpolar and insoluble in water
b) nonpolar and insoluble in water
Lipids comprise of about ______% of organic matter in the average human body
a) 60
b) 20
c) 40
d) 30
c) 40%
True or False: Fatty acids can only be saturated
False: Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated
Saturated fatty acids comprise of ______ bonds only
single
Unsaturated fatty acids have higher melting points than saturated fatty acids and comprise of only one double or triple bonds
False: Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting points than saturated fatty acids and comprise of one or more double or triple bonds
True or False: Monounsaturated fatty acids have one double bond in their structure
True
Monounsaturated fatty acids are _______ at room temperature and ________ when refrigerated
liquid; solid
Polyunsaturated fatty acids have _________ melting points than monounsaturated fatty acids
lower
Polyunsaturated fatty acids consist of multiple _________ separated by at least one ________ group and generally remain ________ at room temp
double bonds; methylene group; liquid
Fatty acids have roles in ________, _________, ________
storing energy; cell signalling, and comprising the cell membrane
Fatty acid carbon atoms are usually numbered starting at the _________. Carbon atoms two and three are referred to as _____ and ______ carbons. The last carbon in chain is referred to as ______________
carboxy terminus; alpha; beta; omega carbon atom
Properties of fatty acids are dependent upon __________ and degree of __________
chain length; unsaturation
True or False: long chain length and presence of cis-double bonds lead to an enhancement of fluidly of the fatty acids
False: Long chain length and presence of cis-double bonds lead to an enhancement of fluidly of the fatty acids
True or False: Chain lengths in biological systems are typically in 16 or 18 carbon atom range
True
Why are cis-polyunsaturated fatty acids essential components of human diets?
They essential components to the human diet because humans cannot synthesize these. These fatty acids are precursors to a variety of hormones
With polyunsaturated fatty acids, there are multiple __________, but the bonds are separated by at least one _____________
double bonds; methylene group
True or False: Abbreviated names indicate whether a fatty acid is saturated, monosaturated, or polyunsaturated
True
Palmitic acid has ___ carbons and is _____ fatty acid (no double bond); thus, abbreviated name is ______
16; saturated; 16:0
Oleic acid has ___ carbons and is a __________ fatty acid (1 double bond at carbon-9); thus, abbreviated the name _______
18; monounsaturated; 18: 1n-9
Linoleic acid has ____ carbons and is a __________ fatty acid (2 double bonds, first double bond located at carbon-6 from omega carbon); thus, abbreviated name ______
19; polyunsaturated; 18: 2n-6
Linolenic acid has ___ carbons and is a _______fat (3 double bonds, first double bond located at carbon-3 from omega carbon); thus, abbreviated name is _______
18; polyunsaturated; 18: 3n-3