Chapter 10.2 Flashcards
What is the most efficient pump in the world?
Heart
What is the tough, white sac that encases the heart to protect and support the heart?
Pericardium
What is the term for the four hollow spaces inside the heart?
Chambers
What are the thin-walled upper chambers of the heart?
Atria (sing. atrium)
What are the thick-walled lower chambers of the heart?
Ventricles
What are the structures that prevent blood from flowing the wrong direction?
Valves
What are the valves that allow the blood to flow from each atrium into the corresponding ventricle?
A-V valves
What are the body’s largest veins?
Venae cavae
What artery transports blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
What transports oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary veins
What is the body’s largest artery?
Aorta
What are the blood vessels through which blood enters the interior of the heart?
Coronary arteries
What blood vessels allow blood to leave the cardiac muscle tissue?
Cardiac veins
What system of special heart cells regulates the beating of the heart?
Cardiac conduction system
What is the master control unit of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
What is the bridge that provides the only electrical pathway to the ventricles?
Atrioventricular node (A-V node)
What is the medical test in which doctors study the electrical activity of the heart?
Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG)
What is the contracting and pumping phase of the heart?
Systole
What is the relaxing and filling phase of the heart?
Diastole
What do the two parts of the cardiac cycle form?
Heartbeat
What condition is a rushing or blowing sound produced by damage to a heart valve?
Heart murmur
What type of heart failure is caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles?
Heart attack
What type of heart failure occurs when the heart stops beating, but begins twitching randomly instead?
Ventricular fibrillation
