Chapter 10: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections- Vocab

Question 1

Alfonso d’Alboquerque

Answer 1

1453–1515 C.E. Commander of the Portuguese forces in the Indian Ocean in the early sixteenth century. He was responsible for seizing Hormuz, Goa, and Malacca, which allowed the Portuguese to control Indian Ocean trade.

Question 1

Astrolabe

Answer 1

Navigational instrument for determining latitude.

Question 2

Back staffs

Answer 2

An instrument used to measure the altitude of a heavenly body, like the Sun or Moon.

Question 3

Bartolomeu Dias

Answer 3

Portuguese explorer that rounded the Cape of Good Hope and entered the Indian Ocean, but then turned back, in 1488.

Question 4

Captain James Cook

Answer 4

1728–1779 C.E. British explorer, navigator, and cartographer who served in the British Royal Navy. Famous for his expeditions to the Pacific Ocean in the eighteenth century.

Question 5

Ceuta

Answer 5

A Morrocan port conquered by Prince Henry of Portugal in 1415, used for voyages down the west African Coast.

Question 6

Christopher Colombus

Answer 6

1451–1506 C.E. Italian explorer and navigator who made four transatlantic voyages to the islands off North America, which in turn opened the way for European colonization of the Americas.

Question 7

Colombian Exchange

Answer 7

The global diffusion of plants, food crops, animals, human populations, and disease pathogens that took place after Colombus’ voyages.

Question 8

Cross staffs

Answer 8

Device that sailors used to determine latitude by measuring the angle of the sun or the pole star above the horizon.

Question 9

East India Company

Answer 9

British joint-stock company that grew to be a state within a state in India; it possessed its own armed forces.

Question 10

Ferdinand Magellan

Answer 10

1480–1521 C.E. Portuguese explorer famous for organizing the first circumnavigation of the globe, by ship, from 1519 to 1522.

Question 11

Guanahaní

Answer 11

The name of the island with Taíno inhabitants where Colombus made landfall in the Bahamas.

Question 12

Jan Pieterszoon Coen

Answer 12

Dutch mariner who founded Batavia on Java to serve as a port city for VOC in 1619.

Question 13

Java

Answer 13

An island in modern Indonesia, and formerly home to the capital of the Dutch East Indies at the city of Batavia (modern Jakarta), founded 1619.

Question 14

Join-stock Company

Answer 14

Early forerunner of the modern corporation; individuals who invested in a trading or exploring venture could make huge profits while limiting their risk.

Question 15

Magnetic Compass

Answer 15

An mportant navigational instrument invented by the Chinese of the Tang or Song dinasty and diffusing throughout the Indian Ocean basin in the 11th century; used to determine heading.

Question 16

Manila

Answer 16

City in modern Phillipines, and formerly capital of the Spanish colony of the Philippines, founded in 1565.

Question 17

Manila galleons

Answer 17

Sleek, fast, heavily-armed Spanish cargo ships that traveled from Manila to the Mexican coast, exchanging Asian luxury goods for silver.

Question 18

Miguel López de Legazpi

Answer 18

Spanish commander who named the Philippines in 1565, overcoming local authorities easily.

Question 19

Prince Henry the Navigator

Answer 19

Prince Henrique of Portugal, who promoted voyages of exploration in west Africa to enter the gold trade, make alliances against the Muslims, and discover profitable new trade routes.

Question 20

São Jorge da Mina

Answer 20

A fortified trading post established by Portuguese merchants in modern Ghana.

Question 21

Seven Year’s War

Answer 21

A global conflict taking place in 1756-1763 in Europe, India, the Caribbean, and North America, laying the foundations for 150 years of British imperial hegemony.

Question 22

Siberia

Answer 22

Region to the east of Russia in northeastern Europe, which was conquered by the Russians between 1581 and 1639.

Question 23

Taíno

Answer 23

A Caribbean tribe who were the first indigenous peoples from the Americas to come into contact with Christopher Columbus.

Question 24

Vasco da Gama

Answer 24

A Portuguese mariner who, in the late 1400s, traveled to India around Africa and through the Indian Ocean in order to directly participate in the spice trade and avoid Muslim and Italian intermediaries.

Question 25

Vitus Bering

Answer 25

tA Danish navigator commissioned by Russian officials to undertake maritime expeditions in search of a northeast passage fo Asian ports. He sailed through the Arctic Ocean and Bering Strait.

Question 26

VOC

Answer 26

The Dutch counterpart of the East India Company, established in 1602.

Question 27

Volta do mar

Answer 27

“ Return through the sea,” a fifteenth-century Portuguese sea route that took advantage of the prevailing winds and currents.