Chapter 10: The First Civil War

Question 1

The Bishop’s War

Answer 1

• In July 1637 some Scottish bishops had to arm themselves when reading the new Laudian prayer books at Church, and this caused rioting throughout and became commonplace in Scotland
• Charles’ army of 15,000 untrained and unruly soldiers was not ready for this and to face an attack from the new Scottish National Covenant

Question 2

Events of Scottish Rebellion:

Answer 2

July 1637- St Giles Riot, Edinburgh

October 1637 - Charles’ Scottish Privy Council abandon Edinburgh

February 1638 - Scottish National Covenant is formed

1639 - First Bishop’s War

1640 - Second Bishop’s War

October 1640 - Treaty of Ripon

Question 3

What did Thomas Wentworth succeed with when appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland in 1632?

Answer 3

• Enhancing the authority of the English Crown and Church over the Irish
• Allowing the English Crown to profit more from Ireland by increasing the customs duty

Question 4

What had Wentworth being placed Lord Deputy of Ireland cause?

Answer 4

The Irish Rebellion of 1640, which led to around 3,000 English Protestants being massacred, over the period of 1641-42, whilst Wentworth had returned to England

Question 5

Battle of Edgehill (23 October 1642)

Answer 5

• Prince Rupert of the Rhine vs Robert Devereux
• 30,000 soldiers, large death count of both sides
• Inconclusive result from the battle
• Charles’ army marching towards London

Question 6

Battle of Lansdown (5 July 1643)

Answer 6

• Lord Hopton (Royalist) vs Sir William Waller (Parliamentarian)
• Royalists ‘won’ but it cost them large casualties and losses
• Royalist lost around 1,000 whereas Parliamentarians lost around 80
• Attempt to prevent Royalist advance of the South West

Question 7

Battle of Naseby (14 June 1645)

Answer 7

• Decisive victory for the New Model Army (Parliamentarian)
• Prince Rupert (Royalist) vs Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell (Parliamentarian)
• Parliamentarians captured Charles’ plans, giving them the advantage
• Fought outside of Leicester, securing the English Midlands

Question 8

Fall of Bristol to Parliament (23 August - 10 September 1645)

Answer 8

• Bristol was a key port, so a key target
• Prince Rupert forced to surrender Bristol on terms
• Parliamentarians had too many troops and were too strong
• Rupert was dismissed and ordered to leave England by Charles