Chapter 10 - Sexual Dysfunctions, Paraphilic Disorders, and Gender Dysphoria Flashcards
Heterosexual behavior
Sex with the opposite sex
Homosexual behavior
Sex with the same sex
Sexual Dysfunction
Different stages of sexual response cycle:
1. desire
2. arousal
3. orgasm
All associated with specific sexual dysfunctions
Lifelong
Chronic condition that is present during a person’s entire sexual life
Acquired
Refers to a disorder that begins after sexual activity has been relatively normal
Generalized
Occurring every time the individual attempts sex
Situational
Occurring with some partners or at certain times but not with other partners or at other times
Male hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Little or no interest in sex that causes significant distress
Female sexual interest/arousal disorder
Low sexual interest accompanied by diminished ability to become excited or aroused by erotic cues or sexual activity.
Erectile dysfunction
Males with frequent sexual urges and fantasies and a strong desire to have sex but have problems getting sexually aroused.
Derogatory terms “impotence” or “frigidity”
Delayed ejaculation
Males who achieve orgasm only with great difficulty
Female orgasmic disorder
Females who achieve orgasm only with great difficulty
Retrograde ejaculation
Ejaculatory fluids travel backward into the bladder rather than forward (most commonly caused by the effects of certain drugs or a coexisting medical condition)
Premature Ejaculation
Ejaculation that occurs well before the man and his partner wish to it
Genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder
Sexual desire is present, and arousal and orgasm are easily attained, but the pain during attempted intercourse is so severe that sexual behavior is disrupted.
Vaginismus
Pelvis muscles in the outer third of the vagina undergo involuntary spasms when intercourse is attempted
Assessing Sexual Behavior
- Interviews
- Thorough medical evaluation
- Psychophysiological Assesment
Biological Contributors
a.) Neurological diseases and other conditions conditions that affect the nervous system (such as diabetes and kidney disease)
b.) Vascular disease
c.) Chronic Illnesses
d.) drug treatments for high blood pressure (antihypertensive medications) Beta-blockers
e.) drug treatments for anxiety and depression (SSRIs)
f.) Alcohol may suppress sexual arousal
Psychological Contributors
Performance anxiety in three components:
1. Arousal
2. Cognitive Processes
3. Negative Affect
Social and Cultural Contributions
Both men and women may experience specific negative or traumatic events after a period of relatively well-adjusted sexuality.
Most common is a marked deterioration in close interpersonal relationships
Treatment of Sexual Dysfunction
Education: Ignorance of the most basic aspects of the sexual response cycle and intercourse often leads to long-lasting dysfunctions.
Paraphilic disorders
Disorders of sexual arousal if that cause distress or impairment to the individual or cause personal harm, or risks of harm to others.
Frotteuristic disorder
individuals who uses pattern tubing against people until he is stimulated to the point of ejaculation in crowded places (like the public bus or subway)
Fetishistic disorder
Person who is sexually attracted to nonliving objects
Associated with two classes of objects or activities:
- an inanimate object
- source of specific tactile stimulation, such as rubber, particulary clothing made out of rubber or shiny black plastic
Voyeuristic disorder
Practice of observing, to become aroused, an unsuspecting individual undressing or naked
Exhibitionistic disorder
Achieving sexual arousal and gratification by exposing genitals to unsuspecting strangers
Transvestic disorder
Sexual arousal strongly associated with the act of (or fantasies of) dressing in clothes of the opposite sex or cross-dressing
Specifier for transvestism
Autogynephilia - Pattern of sexual arousal associated not with clothing itself but rather with thoughts or images of oneself as a female
Sexual sadism or sexual masochism
Associated with inflicting pain or humiliation (sadism) or suffering pain or humiliation (masochism)
Rape
Pedophilia
Sexual attraction to children (or young adolescents generally aged 13 years or younger)
Incest
It the children are the person’s relatives
Covent Sensitization
Treatment in which patients associate sexually arousing images in their imagination with some reasons why the behavior is harmful or dangerous
Orgasmic Reconditioning
Patients are instructed to masturbate to their usual fantasies but to substitute more desirable ones just before ejaculation
Learn to recognize the early signs of temptations and to institute a variety of self-control procedures before their urges become too strong
Drug Treatments for paraphilic
Chemical castration drugs:
a.) cyproterone acetate eliminates sexual desire and fantasy by reducing testosterone levels dramatically
b.) medroxyprogesterone is hormonal agent that reduces testosterone
Gender Dysphoria
Present if a person’s physical sex (male or female anatomy aka “natal” sex) is not consistent with the person’s sense of who he or she really is or with his or her experienced gender
Gender nonconformity
Boys who behave in femine ways and girls who behave in masculine ways
Sex reassignment surgery
The final nonreversible step to alter anatomy physically to be consistent with gender identity
