Chapter 10: Reproductive Behavior 2

Question 1

Causes of sexual orientation

Answer 1

Neuroanatomical diffs
-(2003) Roselli et al.
-US sheep experiment station in Idaho
-some rams (6%-8%) prefer male partners, not female (ewes)
-male oriented rams or “MORs”

Question 2

Causes of sexual orientation

Answer 2

Necropsy: -> sexually dimorphic nucleus (SDN in “gay” rams) was half the size of the female oriented rams “FORs”
-aka “straight” rams

Question 3

Causes of sexual orientation

Answer 3

-Prenatal influences (wood, 1991)
-Ewe sheep fetuses masculinized in utero (injection of testosterone)

Question 4

Causes of sexual orientation

Answer 4

-Lambs grew up to be “lesbian” sheep
-Mated like a ram (mounted females)
-Urinated like a ram
-Other sheep treated them like a ram

Question 5

Intersexed

Answer 5

person’s genitals, chromosomes or reproductive organs don’t fit traditional male/female sex binary (“ambiguous”)

Question 6

Intersexed individuals

Answer 6

Plato’s “Symposium” ( 385 BC ) people had three sexes: male, female, and androgyne

Question 7

Intersexed individuals

Answer 7

Occur as high as 1 of every 100 births (Blackless, et. al., 2000)
-that’s is 36,00 kids in 2022 (depends on how operationalized)
-many intersexed do NOT have “ambiguous” genitals

Question 8

Intersexed individuals

Answer 8

-many intersexed do NOT have “ambiguous” genitals
-about 1 in 1500 births, sex is NOT know due to external genitals

Question 9

Intersexed individuals

Answer 9

Prader Scale measures external diffs in genitals

Question 10

Atypical chromosomes

Answer 10

Occurs when a person has more or fewer X and or Y

Question 11

Atypical chromosomes

Answer 11

Not everyone is XX or XY

Question 12

Turner’s syndrome

Answer 12

-has just one X chromosome
-so only 45 chromosomes
-sometimes called “XO” female

Question 13

Turner’s syndrome

Answer 13

-Phenotypically female but rudimentary ovaries
-usually quite short
-common facial feature and wide neck

Question 14

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 14

-male phenotype
-have an extra x
-so an XXY male (47 chromes)

Question 15

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 15

-occurs in 1 in 1000 births
-effects are variable
-always has some female physical feature

Question 16

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 16

-gynecomastia: breast tissue in men
-however, tends to be taller than average (over 6ft)
-low testosterone, poor sperm development

Question 17

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 17

-usually sterile
-usually heterosexual (same as XY)

Question 18

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

Answer 18

-1 in 14,000 births
-XY female
-lacks the receptor mechanism to bind androgens in cell nucleus

Question 19

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

Answer 19

-testes are internal
-produces lots of androgens
-much converted to estradiol via aromatase

Question 20

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

Answer 20

-no Wolffian or Mullerian structures
-external genitals are typical female