Chapter 10 Politics

Question 1

Government

Answer 1

Separate legal and constitutional domain that is the source of law, order, and legitimate force

Question 2

Acephalous society

Answer 2

A society without a governing head, generally with no hierarchal leadership

Question 3

Laws

Answer 3

Set of rules established by some formal authority

Question 4

Structural functionalism

Answer 4

Anthropological theory that the different structures or institutions of society (religion, politics, kinship, ect.) function to maintain social order at equilibrium

Question 5

Age grades

Answer 5

Groupings of age mates, who are initiated into adulthood together

Question 6

Band

Answer 6

A small, nomadic, and self-sufficient group of anywhere from 25 to 150 individuals with face-to-face social relationships, usually Egalitarian

Question 7

Tribe

Answer 7

A type of pastoralist or horticulturalist society with population usually numbering in the hundreds or thousands in which leadership is more stable than a band, but usually egalitarian, with social relations based on reciprocal exchange.

Question 8

Cheifdom

Answer 8

A political system with a hereditary leader who hold central authority, typically supported by a class of high ranking elites, informal laws, and a simple judicial system, often numbering in the tens of thousands with beginning’s of intensive agriculture in some specialization

Question 9

State

Answer 9

The most complex form of political organization, associated with societies that have intensive agriculture, high levels of social stratification, and centralized authority

Question 10

Non-centralized political system

Answer 10

A political system, such as a band or a tribe, in which power and control over resources are disbursed between members of society

Question 11

Centralized political system

Answer 11

A political system, such as a chiefdom, or state, in which certain individuals and institutions hold power and control over resources

Question 12

Political power

Answer 12

The process by which people create, compete, and use power to attain goals that are presumed to be for the good of the community

Question 13

Action theory

Answer 13

An Approach in the anthropological study of politics that closely follows the daily activities and decision-making process of individual political leaders emphasizing that politics is a dynamic and competitive field of social relations in which people are constantly managing their ability to exercise power over others.

Question 14

Structural power

Answer 14

Power that not only operates within settings, but that also organizes those and orchestrates the settings in which social and individual actions take place

Question 15

Nation state

Answer 15

Independent states recognized by other states, composed of people who share a single National identity.

Question 16

Violence

Answer 16

The use of force to harm someone or something

Question 17

Adjudication

Answer 17

The legal process by which an individual or counsel with socially recognized authority intervenes in a dispute and unilaterally makes decisions

Question 18

negotiation

Answer 18

A form of dispute management in which the parties themselves reach a decision jointly

Question 19

Mediation

Answer 19

The use of a third-party who intervenes in a dispute to help the parties reach an agreement and restore harmony

Question 20

Politics

Answer 20

Those relationships and processes of cooperation, conflict, and power that are fundamental aspects of human life