Chapter 10: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adults

Question 1

Transitions to mark entry unto adulthood

Answer 1

• Developing world cultures: rites of passage with steps, attire, religious rituals, marriages, pain, and/or mutilations by older members at certain ages
• Western culture: adulthood is marked by role transitions such as voting, completing education, full-time employment, leaving home and establishing financial independence, marriage, and parenthood

Question 2

Role transitions:

Answer 2

Movement into the next stage of development marked by assumption of new responsibilities and duties

Question 3

What is Erikson’s theory for young adulthood?

Answer 3

Step six of psychosocial development
- Major task is dealing with psychosocial conflict of intimacy verses isolation
- Identity is established before intimacy - sharing an identity with someone else.
- Fear of long term relationships comes from lack of identity
- Research shows that some settle intimacy before identity

Question 4

How is health affected by SES, gender, and ethnicity?

Answer 4

• Lower SES and minority status often correlates with poorer health sometimes due to inavailability or not being treated even when care is available and poor education.
• In some areas women do not have access

Question 5

What is fluid and crystallized intelligence?

Answer 5

• Two examples of a secondary mental ability that clusters individual primary mental abilities (group of skills)
• Fluid: abilities making you flexible and adaptive–also important for inferences and concept relationships (mazes, puzzles, shape relations)
• Crystalized: knowledge acquired through life experiences and education in a culture–knowledge breadth, communication, judgment, sophistication with judgement (Jeopardy).
• Trends indicate that learning becomes more difficult with age and developmental trends differ depending on skill