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Assessment and Diagnosis > Chapter 10: Personality Assessment > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Personality Assessment Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

Characteristic way of behaving/thinking across situations

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2
Q

Uses for personality assessments

A 
Diagnosis
Treatment planning
Self-understanding
Identifying children with emotional/behavioral problems
Hiring decisions
Legal questions
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3
Q

Response set

A

Unconscious responding in a negative or positive manner

Test taker bias that affects formal personality assessment

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4
Q

Dissimulation

A

Faking the test
Increases with face validity
Test taker bias that affects formal personality assessment

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5
Q

Validity scales

A

Used to detect individuals not responding in an accurate manner

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6
Q

Trait vs. state

A

Trait: stable internal characteristic, test-retest reliability can be greater than 0.8
State: transient, lower test-retest reliability

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7
Q

Objective self-report: format of items that appear

A

Selected-response: usually true/false or scales, occasionally forced-choice
Reflect characteristic behavior, feelings, thinking, etc.

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8
Q

4 approaches to development of personality assessments

A 
Content-rational approach
Empirical criterion keying
Factor analytic
Theoretical 
Combination of above
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9
Q

Content rational approach

A

Similar to process of determining content validity: expert looks at test and decides if it represents what it should be testing

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10
Q

Empirical criterion keying

A

Large pool of items is administered to 2 groups: clinical group with specific diagnosis and control group
Items that discriminate between groups are retained (may or may not be directly associated with psychopathology- not necessarily face valid)

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11
Q

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

A

Most used personality measure
Developed using empirical criterion keying
Contains validity scales (detect random responding, lying, etc.)
Adequate reliability
10 clinical scales

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12
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Somatic complaints

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13
Q

Depression

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Pessimism, hopelessness, discouragement

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14
Q

Hysteria

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Development of physical symptoms in response to stress

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15
Q

Psychopathic deviate

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Difficulty incorporating societal standards and values

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16
Q

Masculinity/femininity

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Tendency to reject stereotypical gender norms

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17
Q

Paranoia

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Paranoid delusions

18
Q

Psychasthenia

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Anxiety, agitation, discomfort

19
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Psychotic symptoms, confusion, disorientation

20
Q

Hypomania

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

High energy levels, narcissism, possibly mania

21
Q

Social introversion

A

Clinical scale on MMPI

Prefers being alone to being with others

22
Q

Factor analysis

A

Statistical approach to personality assessment development

Evaluates the presence/structure of latent constructs

23
Q

Raymond Cattell

A

First person to use factor analysis approach to personality assessment development
16 personality factor questionnaire

24
Q

NEO Personality Inventory

A

Developed using factor analysis
5-factor model (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness)
Pretty good reliability and validity

25
Q

Theoretical approach

A

Match test to theory

26
Q

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

A

Developed using theoretical approach
Based on Jung’s theories
4 scales: introversion (I)/extraversion (E), sensing (S)/intuition (N), thinking (T)/feeling (F), judging (J)/perceiving (P)
Personality represented by one of 16 4 letter combinations

27
Q

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI)

A

Developed using theoretical approach
Based on Millon’s theories surrounding personality disorders
2 scales: clinical personality scales and clinical syndrome scales
Good reliability and validity, but high correlations between scales (problem)

28
Q

Objective personality assessments given to children

A

Child Behavior Checklist
Barkley Scales (ADHD)
Each test has a version for the parent, a version for the child, and a version for the teacher to fill out

29
Q

Broad-band vs. symptom measures

A

Broad-band: lots of info on a variety of topics, allow for a comprehensive view (example: MMPI)
Symptom measure: identify specific symptoms (example: Beck Depression Inventory)

30
Q

Projective tests: theory behind

A

Examinees interpret the ambiguous stimuli in a manner that reveals important and often unconscious aspects of their psychological functioning or personality

31
Q

Pros and cons of projective tests

A

Pros: popular in clinical settings, supply rich information (not a lot of face validity)
Cons: questionable psychometrics (poor reliability and validity), so should be used with caution

32
Q

Projective drawings

A

Require little verbal abilities/ child friendly
Draw a person test (person drawn is representation of self)
House-tree-person test (house: home life and family relationships, tree: deep feelings about self, person: less deep view of self)
Kinetic family drawing (provide information about family and interactions)

33
Q

Sentence completion tests

A

Examinee completes sentence stems

May enhance rapport or understanding of client

34
Q

Apperception tests

A

Given an ambiguous picture, examinee must make up story
Themes presented in stories tell something about examinee
Have issues with validity

35
Q

2 versions of apperception tests

A

Thematic apperception test: stories are analyzed in a qualitative manner
Roberts apperception test for children: have standardized scoring system and normative data
Both have poor validity

36
Q

Ink blot test

A

Examinee is presented with an ambiguous inkblot and asked to identify what they see
Limited validity

37
Q

Rorschach ink blot test scoring/interpreting

A

Exner developed most comprehensive system for scoring (including norm set)
Limited validity, though

38
Q

Anatomical dolls

A

Controversial assessment technique
Used to assess sexual assault in children (watch what child is paying attention to, how child plays with doll, etc.)
Lots of false positives

39
Q

Drug assisted assessment

A 
Controversial assessment technique
Truth serum (sodium amytol): help people relax and share difficult information
Vulnerable to formation of false memories in relaxed state
40
Q

Hypnosis assisted assessment

A

Controversial assessment technique
Help people relax and remember things
People under hypnosis are suggestible to forming false memories

41
Q

Neurological-based techniques

A

Controversial assessment technique
Neurofeedback techniques (looking at brain waves when doing a task, etc.)
Little empirical support

Assessment and Diagnosis (14 decks)

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