Chapter 10 Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder

Question 1

Prosocial behaviors

Answer 1

Behaviors that benefit self, others, and society.

Question 2

Conscience

Answer 2

The internal guide to prosocial behavior, rooted in self-regulation, including both moral emotions and moral behavior.

Question 3

Bullying

Answer 3

The intentional infliction of physical or emotional harm through physical aggression, harassment, intimidation, teasing, or psychological coercion.

Question 4

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Answer 4

A disorder characterized by a sustained pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior.

Question 5

Conduct disorder (CD)

Answer 5

A disorder characterized by a more severe pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behavior that involves the violation of social norms and rules, as well as the rights of others.

Question 6

Callous–unemotional characteristics

Answer 6

A set of personality traits characterized by a lack of empathy, concern, guilt, or remorse.

Question 7

Child-onset subtype

Answer 7

With childhood onset, the individual is usually diagnosed early and has a long history of negative personal and interpersonal behavior; this behavior deteriorates over time. With onset in adolescence, the individual’s problem behavior emerges more abruptly and is more often time limited.

Question 8

Adolescent-onset subtype

Answer 8

With onset in adolescence, the individual’s problem behavior emerges more abruptly than with childhood onset, and is more often time limited. Adolescent-onset CD is three times as frequent as child-onset CD.

Question 9

Life-course persistent trajectory

Answer 9

From Moffitt’s model of conduct disorder (CD) related to childhood-onset CD. Those with this trajectory are more likely to have a history of oppositional deficit disorder and a family history of antisocial behavior, are more likely to display aggression, and have worse outcomes.

Question 10

Adolescence-limited trajectory

Answer 10

From Moffitt’s model of conduct disorder (CD), related to adolescent-onset CD. The adolescence-limited form of CD is somewhat less problematic over time than the child-onset form, although there is still evidence of significant impairment in daily functioning and higher risk for poor outcomes.

Question 11

Aggression

Answer 11

Behaviors that are carried out with an immediate goal of causing harm to another.

Question 12

Instrumental aggression

Answer 12

Aggression that is premeditated or planful. In most cases, instrumental aggression is a means to a particular end.

Question 13

Reactive aggression

Answer 13

Angry and impulsive aggression that occurs in response to a provocation.

Question 14

Overt aggression

Answer 14

Also called direct aggression, involves harmful physical behaviors.

Question 15

Covert aggression

Answer 15

Also called indirect aggression, it may include the externalizing behaviors observed in conduct disorder, such as property damage or theft.

Question 16

Overt pathway

Answer 16

One of three potential developmental pathways for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, with minor forms and consequences of aggression leading to more serious forms and consequences of aggression.

Question 17

Covert pathway

Answer 17

One of three potential developmental pathways for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, with minor misbehaviors leading to more serious delinquent acts that tend to be concealed or secretive.

Question 18

Authority conflict pathway

Answer 18

One of three potential developmental pathways for oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, with stubborn and negativistic behaviors leading to more serious disobedience and hostility.

Question 19

Coercion model

Answer 19

A model of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder that focuses on the assumption that parents and children struggle for control over a number of everyday tasks and activities, and that maladaptive parenting leads to children’s externalizing behavior. This model specifically examines a conditioning sequence in which children are inadvertently reinforced for their problematic behaviors.

Question 20

Developmental cascade models

Answer 20

For various forms of psychopathology, the multiple pathways that reflect the consequences of interactions and transactions that spread across domains and over time.

Question 21

Impaired social cognition

Answer 21

Deficits and delays in the processing of social and emotional information and events.