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Brannigan's Building Construction For The Fire Service- 5th Edition > Chapter 10- Noncombustible Construction > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Noncombustible Construction Flashcards

1
Q

What, then is the difference between noncombustible and fire resistive construction? The answer is simple–the level of fire resistance (fire rating) assigned to the structural __, __, __, and __.

A

Frame
Walls
Floors
Roof

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2
Q

Many noncombustible buildings are __-__ stories in height, with the maximum height being __ stories for certain types of occupancies. Fire resistive construction, by comparison, is permitted to be of unlimited height.

A

1-3

12

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3
Q

Although the use of concrete is found in some buildings of noncombustible construction, noncombustible construction relies heavily on the use of __ for its structural system, including the roof and floor framing.

A

Steel

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4
Q

The use of __ in Type 2 construction is typically limited to __ walls and __ enclosures.

A

Concrete
Exterior
Shaft

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5
Q

Steel is tremendously strong. Its Modulus of elasticity (a measure of its ability to distort and restore) is about __ million pounds per square inch–far more than any other material.

A

29

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6
Q

Steel’s compressive strength is equal to its tensile strength. Its __ strength is about __ of its tensile strength.

A

Shear

3/4

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7
Q

The heat evolved by a fire can be triaged–that is, considered and treated according to priority needs. In reverse priority, this heat can be classified as follows:

A
  • Heat leaving the structure
  • Heat being evolved from contents that are burning
  • Heat being absorbed by contents or structural elements that will be ignited or caused to fail
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8
Q

The following abbreviations are used for different shaped steel members:

A 
C: channels
CB: castellated beams
L: angles
S: America Standard (I beam)
W: wide flange beams and columns
WT: structural tees
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9
Q

__ frames are a cousin to the arch and are used to achieve wide clear spans.

A

Rigid

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10
Q

In the rigid frame, the column is __ at the base and tapers to its __ point at the top where it meets the roof rafter.

A

Narrow

Widest

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11
Q

This rafter is also tapered so that it is narrow at the __ and wide where it joins the __.

A

Ridge

Column

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12
Q

Rigid frames can provide clear spans of about __ feet.

A

100

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13
Q

The better the building is tied together to resist __ load, the more likely it is to suffer __ collapse due to fire distortion.

A

Wind

Progressive

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14
Q

__ wall panels can be used on any framed building and, in fact, are used on many concrete buildings.

A

Metal

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15
Q

The use of lightweight galvanized steel studs for exterior walls has surged. Shaped like the letter __, these studs are held in place with __ shaped tracks on top and bottom.

A

C

U

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16
Q

Steel will expand __ to __ percent in length for each 100 degrees F rise in temperature.

A

0.06 to 0.07

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17
Q

Recent tests conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) of a typical basement room fire reached 1500 degrees F in __ minutes, reflecting the presence of today’s heavy plastic fire loads rather than any special significance of basements.

A

5

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18
Q

In a fire equivalent to the standard test fire, the bar joists generally will fail in about __ minutes.

A

7

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19
Q

A number of options are open to the designer to deal with these characteristics of steel as they relate to fire risk:

A
  • Ignore the problem
  • Rely on inadequate code enforcement
  • Take a calculated risk
  • Protect (insulate) the steel
  • Protect the steel with sprinklers
  • Protect the steel with an internal water cooling system
  • Locate the steel out of range of the fire
20
Q

__ and __ on highways provide a good example of unprotected steel that is vulnerable to an occasional gasoline or oil truck fire.

A

Bridges

Overpasses

21
Q

In some building codes, steel used to support roofs at a certain distance above the floor (usually about __-__ feet) does not require protection. Atria roofs over __ feet are given this exemption as well.

A

20-30

55

22
Q

The lack of fire protection for unprotected steel may reflect a calculated risk taken by the building’s developers and managers. For our purposes, there are three classes of calculated risks:

A

Financial or economic
Engineering
Forget it

23
Q

In recent years, the __ roof (composed of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)) has increased in popularity in Type 2 construction.

A

Rubber

24
Q

Another relatively new type of roof is the __ __ (mod bit) roof. In this construction technique, a traditional built up roof is modified by the addition of synthetic polymers to reinforce the roof.

A

Modified bitumen

25
Q

(Factory Mutual tests on metal deck roof assemblies have shown that it takes only __ degrees F for __ minutes for heat impinging on the surface of steel decking to start a self sustaining roof fire. This fire is independent of the original fire.)

A

800

5

26
Q

Steel structures can be divided into four types:

A
  • Unprotected
  • Dynamically protected
  • Passively protected
  • Passive/dynamic combination protection
27
Q

Asphalt coating that is combustible and used as a weather protective coating on galvanized steel walls.

A

Asphalt asbestos protected metal (AAPM)

28
Q

Plates fewer than 6 inches in width; may be square or round.

A

Bars

29
Q

A large hollow column built from steel plates.

A

Box column

30
Q

A tee where the end of the cutoff is thickened.

A

Bulbtee

31
Q

An upright partition that divides a ship into compartments and is meant to prevent the spread of leakage or fire.

A

Bulkhead

32
Q

A wide flange beam that has been cut in half in a zig zag pattern and then welded back together in an offset manner, creating a new, deeper beam.

A

Castellated beam

33
Q

Noncombustible material often used for friable construction.

A

Cement asbestos board

34
Q

Steel structural component that has a square U shaped cross section.

A

Channel

35
Q

Void space made by utilizing deep parallel chord trusses.

A

Interstitial space

36
Q

Column made of vertical units connected with diagonal pieces.

A

Lattice column

37
Q

Embedded into the surface.

A

Peened

38
Q

Concrete panels that are precast and brought to the construction site.

A

Precast prestressed concrete panels

39
Q

Beams set at right angles to trusses or roof rafters to provide support for lightweight roofing.

A

Purlins

40
Q

Diagonal columns that brace an entire structure.

A

Rakers

41
Q

Girders that tie wall columns together in a framed building.

A

Spandrel girders

42
Q

Distance between the top of one window and the bottom of the one above.

A

Spandrel space

43
Q

Embossed steel; will transfer heat in either direction.

A

Tin ceiling

44
Q

A horizontal beam that ties rows of soldier beams together.

A

Waler

45
Q

I beams that have flanges wider than standard I beams.

A

Wide flange shapes

Brannigan's Building Construction For The Fire Service- 5th Edition (15 decks)

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