Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 111 > Chapter 10 - muscle systems > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - muscle systems Flashcards

1
Q

List the 8 major muscles of the head and neck.

A 
frontalis
zygomaticus
orbicularis oculi
orbicularis oris
masseter
temporalis
sternocleidomastoid
splenius
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Frontalis

A

Origin: galea aponeurotica

Insertion: skin of the eyebrows

function: raises eybrows and wrinkles forhead (surprise)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Zygomaticus

A

Origin: zygomatic bone

Insertion: skin at the corner of the mouth

Function: raises corner of the mouth (smiling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A

Origin: frontal and maxillary bones

Insertion: tissue of the eyelid (circular)

Function: opening and closing of the eyelids (blinking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Orbicularis oris

A

Origin: zygomatic bone and maxillary bones

Insertion: skin around the mouth (encircles)

Function: closing/pursing of lips (kissing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: zygomatic arch and maxillary bones

Insertion: angle and ramus of the mandible

Function: PM of jaw closure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: temporal fossa

Insertion: coronoid process of the mandible

Function: assists with jaw closure, maintains at resting state of jaw.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Origin: manubrium and sternal portion of the clavicles

Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone

Function: when they act together results in flexion of the head. When a single side activates results in tilting towards that side and rotation away from it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Splenius

A

Origin: C7-T6

Insertion: C2-4 and mastoid process of temporal bone

Function: when they act together result in extension/hyperextension of the head. When one side acts results in rotation and tilting to that side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the 3 muscles of the abdomen

A

Rectus Abdominis
External Oblique
Internal Oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: sternum and ribs 5-7

Function: flexion and rotation at waist. Stabilizes pelvis while walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

External Oblique

A

Origin: lower 8 ribs

Insertion: iliac crest, pubic tubercle, linea alba

Function: trunk rotation and lateral flexion. Stabilize core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Origin: iliac crest, and lumbar fascia

Insertion: costal margin, last 3 ribs, linea alba

Function: trunk rotation and lateral flexion. stabilizes the core.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List the 4 muscles of respiration

A

Diaphragm
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Pectoralis Major

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diaphragm

A

Origin: lower edge of rib cage, lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: central tendon

Function: as it contracts it thins increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity. Inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

External Intercostals

A

Origin: inferior border of the rib above

Insertion: superior border of the rib below

Function: top rib is held in place by other muscles, this results in the rib cage moving up increasing thoracic volume for Inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Internal Intercostals

A

Origin: superior border of rib below

Insertion: inferior border of the rib above

Function: bottom rib is held in place resulting in the rib cage being pulled down decreasing thoracic volume for forced expiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

List the 7 muscles of the shoulder, back, and arm

A 
Trapezius
Deltoid
Pectoralis Major
Latissimus dorsi
Biceps Brachii
Triceps Brachii
Brachialis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin: nuchal lines of the occipital bone, spines of C7-T12

Insertion: acromion and spine of scapula

Function: stabilizes and moves scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Deltoid

A

Origin: acromion and spine of scapula

Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Function: PM abduction, if half activates results in flexion/extension and rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Origin: sternum, sternal end of clavicle, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6

Insertion: greater tubercle of humerus

Function: PM arm flexion. Powerful adduction. Raises the sternum for forced inspiration.

22
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Origin: last 6 thoracic, lumbar, iliac crest, and bottom 3 ribs

Insertion: intertubicular sulcus of the humerus

Function: PM of extension, powerful adductor, medial rotation.

23
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

Origin: coracoid process

Insertion: radial tuberosity

Function: PM flexion of the elbow and supination of forearm

24
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

Origin: infraglenoid tubercle and posterior shaft of humerus

Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna

Function: PM of extension at the elbow

25
Q

Brachialis

A

Origin: anterior distal humerus

Insertion: coronoid process of the ulna

Function: aids in flexion of the elbow

26
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the Iliopsoas?

A

Psoas major

Iliacus

27
Q

Psoas Major

A

Origin: lumbar vertebrae

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Function: flexion and lateral rotation of thigh. Plays a part in lateral flexion of vertebrae (posture)

28
Q

Iliacus

A

Origin: Iliac fossa

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Function: flexion and lateral rotation of thigh

29
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the quadriceps group?

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis

30
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine

Insertion: patellar tendon to the tibial tuberosity

Function: knee extension, hip flexion

31
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: greater trochanter of the femur

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via quadriceps and patellar tendons

Function: knee extension and stabilization

32
Q

Vastus lateralis

A

Origin: greater trochanter of the femur

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via quadriceps and patellar tendons

Function: knee extension and stabilization

33
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of the proximal shaft of femur

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via quadriceps and patellar tendons

Function: knee extension

34
Q

Vastus medialus

A

Origin: intertrochantric line of femur

Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity via quadriceps and patellar tendons

Function: knee extension and stabilization

35
Q

What is the longest muscle in the body?

A

the sartorius

36
Q

List the 3 muscles in the gluteal group.

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

37
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Origin: illium and sacrum

Insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur

Function: thigh extension and rotation

38
Q

Gluteus medius

A

same as gluteus minimus

Origin: ilium

Insertion: femur

Function: abducts and rotates thigh

39
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

same as gluteus maximus

Origin: ilium

Insertion: femur

Function: abducts and rotates thigh

40
Q

List the muscles in the hamstrings group

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinous
Semimembranous

42
Q

Biceps femoris

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

Function: thigh extention, knee flexion and lateral rotation of leg

43
Q

Semitendinous

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: tibial shaft

Function: thigh extension, knee flexion and medial rotation of leg

43
Q

Gastocnemius

A

Origin: condyles of the femur

Insetion: posterior calcaneous

Function: plantar flexion

44
Q

Semimembranous

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

Function: thigh extension, knee flexion, and medial rotation of leg

45
Q

What are the three types of lever systems? give an example of each in the world and in the body.

A

first class: fulcrum between the load and effort
ex: pair of scissors, lifting head up

second class: load between the fulcrum and effort
ex: wheelbarrow, standing on tip toe

third class: effort between the fulcrum and load
ex: tweezers, flexion of forearm

46
Q

What is the antagonist of the gluteus maximus?

A

the iliopsoas group

47
Q

What is the antagonist of the biceps brachii?

A

triceps brachii

48
Q

What is the antagonist of the hamstring group?

A

the quadriceps group

49
Q

What is a fixator muscle?

A

a synergist muscle that immobilize a bone/origin or stabilize a joint

50
Q

What are the 5 different arrangements fascicles can have?

A 
Circular
Convergent
Parallel
Fusiform (spindle shaped)
Pennate (uni, bi, multi)
51
Q

Explain how levers work at mechanical disadvantages or advantages.

A

The force required depends on the position of the effort from the fulcrum relative to the position of the load to the fulcrum.

if the effort is much farther than the load it acts as a mech adv like a car jack

if the effort is much closer than the load it acts at a mech disadv like moving dirt with the shovel

Anatomy and Physiology 111 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions