Chapter 10: Motivating Employees

Question 1

equity theory

Answer 1

The idea that employees try to maintain equity between inputs and outputs compared to others in similar positions.

Question 2

expectancy theory

Answer 2

Victor Vroom’s theory that the amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome.

Question 3

extrinsic reward

Answer 3

Something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work; extrinsic rewards include pay increases, praise, and promotions.

Question 4

goal-setting theory

Answer 4

The idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers and improve performance if the goals are accepted, accompanied by feedback, and facilitated by organizational conditions.

Question 5

Hawthorne effect

Answer 5

The tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being studied.

Question 6

hygiene factors

Answer 6

In Herzberg’s theory of motivating factors, job factors that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivate employees if increased.

Question 7

intrinsic reward

Answer 7

The personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals.

Question 8

job enlargement

Answer 8

A job enrichment strategy that involves combining a series of tasks into one challenging and interesting assignment.

Question 9

job enrichment

Answer 9

A motivational strategy that emphasizes motivating the worker through the job itself.

Question 10

job rotation

Answer 10

A job enrichment strategy that involves moving employees from one job to another.

Question 11

management by objectives (MBO)

Answer 11

Peter Drucker’s system of goal-setting and implementation; it involves a cycle of discussion, review, and evaluation of objectives among top and middle-level managers, supervisors, and employees.

Question 12

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs

Answer 12

Theory of motivation based on unmet human needs from basic physiological needs to safety, social, and esteem needs to self-actualization needs.

Question 13

motivators

Answer 13

In Herzberg’s theory of motivating factors, job factors that cause employees to be productive and that give them satisfaction.

Question 14

principle of motion economy

Answer 14

Theory developed by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth that every job can be broken down into a series of elementary motions.

Question 15

scientific management

Answer 15

Studying workers to find the most efficient ways of doing things and then teaching people those techniques.

Question 16

time-motion studies

Answer 16

Studies, begun by Frederick Taylor, of which tasks must be performed to complete a job and the time needed to do each task.