Chapter 10: Lipids Flashcards
Lipids
Structurally diverse class. Long carbon chain and hydrophobic
What are the chemical functions of lipids?
- Membrane structure
- Storage of energy
- Cofactors for enzymes:
- Signaling
- Antioxidants
What are the physical functions of lipids?
- Insulation from environment
- Water repellent
- Pigments
- Buoyancy control
Lipids are classified by the ______ and ______
Structure and function
Lipids are characterized on the presence or absence of the ____________
Fatty acid chain
Name some lipids that do not contain fatty acids
Cholesterol, terpenes, etc
What is the advantage of lipids containing fatty acids?
Lipids containing fatty acids can further separate into storage lipids and membrane lipids
__________ is a storage lipid
Triacylglycerols
Name the types of membrane lipids
Phospholipids, Glycolipids, and Archaeal ether lipids.
Define saturated
No double bond between carbons in the chain
Define monosaturated
One double bond between carbons in the alkyl chain
Define polysaturated
More than one double bond in the alkyl chain
Solubility _____ as the chain length increases
decreases
Melting point increases as the chain length ______
increases
Melting point _______ as the number of double bonds increases
decreases
Explain unsaturated cis fatty acids
The double bonds in natural unsaturated fatty acids are commonly in cis configuration, which kinks the chain, less packing. Unsaturated cis fatty acids have a lower melting point
What is Omega-3?
Obtained from diet (fish)
What is Omega-6?
Associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It is also needed but not too much.
What is the recommended Omega-3: Omega-6 ratio?
1:4 or 4:1
Explain trans double bond
Allows a given fatty acid to adopt an extended conformation. Higher risk of cardiovascular disease.
What are the 8 major categories of biological lipids?
- Fatty acids
- Glycerolipids
- Glycerophospholipids
- Sphingolipids
- Sterol lipids
- Preno lipids
- Sacccharolipids
- Polyketides
Explane Tricerglycerol
Main storage lipid and is nonpolar. It is less soluble in water than fatty acids due to the lack of charged charged carboxylate group. and the liquids are called oils
What is solid triglycerol called?
Solid ones are called fats. Fats provide Efficient fuel storage. Fats are stored in adipocytes. Long term energy needs
What are the two types of adipocytes?
White fat cell doesn’t have many mitochondria. Brown fat cells have a lot of mitochondria
Explain Mitochondria and UCP1
Mitochondria uses UCP1 as a transport. UCP1 does not use energy, but instead uses a proton to make heat, maintaining body temperature
In other storage organisms, what is another storage lipid?
Waxes
Are structural lipids in the membrane polar or nonpolar?
Non polar
What is the primary constituent of cell membrane?
Glycerophospholipids. Cannot be synthesized by most prokaryotes
The backbone of Sphingolipids is a long chain amino alcohol called _________
Sphingosine
If breaking down enzymes are deficient, it could lead to ________
disease
