Chapter 10 - Intelligence Flashcards
What is the psychometric definition of intelligence?
intelligence is a trait or set of traits on which individuals differ
What is the hierarchical model of intelligence?
general ability factor (g)
specialized ability factors
What are Thurstone’s primary mental abilities?
word fluency memory verbal meaning inductive reasoning spatial ability perceptual speed numerical reasoning
Describe Cattell and Horn’s factor analytic model of intelligence.
fluid intelligence = no matter where you go you can act intelligently
crystallized = intelligence relevant in certain domains
What is Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?
at least 7 independent types of intelligence
linguistic spatial interpersonal intrapersonal bodily-kinesthetic logical-mathematical musical naturalist
What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
3 components of intelligence
context
- adapting to situation, selecting compatible environments
information-processing skills
- knowledge, strategies, metacognition
What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory?
3 components of intelligence
context
- adapting to situation, selecting compatible environments
information-processing skills
- knowledge, strategies, metacognition
experience
- response to novelty, automatization
What is the Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale?
intelligence quotient
IQ = mental age/chronological age x 100
What are the Wechsler scales?
include verbal and nonverbal performance measures
What are some of the hypotheses for difference in IQ between groups?
cultural test bias hypothesis
- language use/measures are not culture-neutral
motivational factors
- formal testing situations
negative stereotypes
genetic hypothesis
- IQ differences are hereditary
Are IQ scores stable across childhood?
yes, though fluctuations are common
What are infant intelligence tests?
perceptual and motor skills
assign developmental quotient skills
poor predictors of childhood IQ
What types of home environments provide higher chance for IQ stability? What types do not?
stable/stimulating
impoverished backgrounds often cause cumulative deficit
What is the Flynn effect?
environmental enrichment promotes cognitive growth
