chapter 10 - intelligence Flashcards
define intelligence
the ability to learn, to meet the demands of the environment, and to understand/control mental activities
define metacognition
ability to understand and control ones own mental processes (thinking about thinking)
what is factor analysis? what is s factor and g factor?
the statistical method for determining if items on a test correlate highly
g factor: general factor of intelligence underlying ALL distinct factors of mental abilities
s factor: specific factor uniquely tied to a distinct ability or area of function
(there are multiple s factors within a g factor)
what are the 7 primary mental abilities that Thurstone identified as the basic components of intelligence?
- verbal comprehension
- word fluency
- numeral skill
- spacial ability
- associative memory
- perceptual speed
- reasoning
(both g and s factor)
what is Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences?
the idea that there is no single unified intelligence, but several independent intelligences arising from different parts of the brain
what did Gardner believe were the 9 basic intelligences?
- linguistic
- logical-mathematical
- musical
- spacial
- bodily-kinesthetic
- interpersonal
- intrapersonal
- naturalistic
- existentialist
what are the three components of Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
- internal (analytic)
- external (creative)
- experiential (practical)
what is the internal (analytic) component?
internal info-processing, acquiring info, planning, monitoring, and evaluating problems, and following directions (IQ tests)
what is the external (creative) component?
ability to think creatively and in novel circumstances or about novel ideas (ignored by IQ tests)
what is the experiential (practical) component?
the ability to adapt/improve ones environments, or to select new ones
what is the hierarchal model of intelligence?
general abilities -> specific abilities -> more specific behaviors associated
describe Cici’s bioecological model of intelligence?
he believed intelligence is a function of interactions among innate potential abilities, environmental context, and internal motivation
(development depends on interaction with the environment)
what is the psychometric approach to measuring intelligence?
it measures intelligence with psychological tests and searches for individual differences
what is reliability?
the degree to which tests produce the same scores over time
what is test-retest reliability?
does an individual get the same scores after taking the test multiple times?
what is split-half reliability?
if you divide items on one test into two, are the results of both tests relatively the same?
what is inter-rater reliability?
do different scorers give the same test the same score?