Chapter 10 Intelligence Flashcards
Intelligence
ability to learn, meet the demands of the environment effectively and to understand and control one’s mental activities
metacognition
ability to understand and control one’s mental activities
factor analysis
a statistical method for determining whether certain items on a test correlate highly, thus forming a unified set, or cluster of items
Spearman’s two factor theory
statistical method to determine whether two or more items correlate thus forming a cluster
What is s factor (spearman two factor theory)
specific factor ties to a specific area of functioning
G factor (spearman two factor theory)
general factor relating to all clusters
Lewis thurstone theory
Argues that intelligence is made up of seven distinct components
verbal comprehension, word fluency, spatial ability, associative memory, perpetual speed, reasoning
Verbal comprehension
vocabulary, reading, comprehension, verbal analogies
word fluency
ability to quickly generate and manipulate a large number of words with specific characteristics, like anagrams or rhyming tests
numerical skill
the ability to quickly and accurately carry out mathematical operations
spatial ability
skill in spatial visualization as well as the ability to mentally transform spatial figures
associative memory
rote memory and associating things with previous memories
perceptual speed
quickness in perceiving visual details, anomalies, similarities
reasoning
skill in a variety of inductive deductive, and arithmetic reasoning tasks
primary mental abilities
seven distinct mental abilities identified by thurstone as the basic components of intelligence
Howard Gardner theory
Associated with theory of multiple intelligences
theory of multiple intelligences
Gardner’s theory that there is no single unified intelligence but instead several independent intelligences arising from diff portions of the brain
musical
sensitivity to sounds and rhythm; capacity for musical expression
Gardner’s multiple intelligences theory (9)
linguistic, logical/mathematical, musical, spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, existentialist
linguistic
sensitivity to the sound and meaning of words
logical/mathematical
capacity for scientific analysis and logical/mathematical problem solving
spatial
ability to accurately perceive spatial relationships
bodily/kinesthetic
ability to control body movements and manipulate objects
interpersonal
sensitivity to the emotions and motivations of others; skillful at managing others
intrapersonal
ability to understand one’s self and one’s strength and weaknesses
naturalistic
ability to understand patterns and processes in nature
existentialist
ability to understand religious and spiritual ideals
Robert Sternberg theory
Triarchic theory of intelligence
triarchic theory of intelligence
Sternberg’s theory that intelligence is made up of three interacting components: internal external and experiential components
Internal analytical (triarchic)
internal processing of inpo, evaluating problems, measured by IQ tests
External creative (triarchic)
Special way of thinking that isn’t for straightforward school tasks more out of the box
Experiential practical (triarchic)
type of thinking that helps us improve our environment or select new environments (adaptations)
tacit knowledge
action oriented knowledge acquired without direct help from others which allows individuals to achieve goals they personally value
Sternberg suggests that practical intelligence often relies on ____ knowledge
tacit
Why does sternberg argue that effective interactions among the 3 components are keys to successful intelligence?
Each intellectual component actively relates to the others and it is more dynamic with more research evidence
Stephen ceci theory
Bioecological model of intelligence
Bioecological model of intelligence
ceci’s theory that intelligence is a function of the interaction between innate potential abilities, environmental context and internal motivation
How does Ceci think biology affects intelligence?
ceci claims that each person has innate abilities that are developed based on one’s motivation to fulfill them
emotional intelligence
ability to perceive, express, regulaye emotions and posess empathy
social intelligence
ability to function in social settings, ability to get along in relationships
Wisdom
ability to make sound judgements and function of practical intelligence
Creativity
ability to generate valuable, original ideas
includes intrinsic motivation, imagination and game personality
personality charcateristics
intelligence is the cognitive part of personality
psychometric approach
test intelligence with psychological testing
mental age
intellectual age at which a person is functioning
Intelligence Quotient
(IQ) ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100
standardization
use of uniform procedures to administer and score the test
normal distribution
symmetrical, bell shaped distribution where most scored are in the middle with smaller equal groups at either side
reliability
degree to which a test produces the same scores over time
test-retest reliability
administer the test more than once
split half reliability
divide the items on a single test among two groups
validity
accuracy of a measurement
content validity
how well a test accurately measures what it is meant to measure
validity coefficient
correlation between measurement scores and external criteria
predictive validity
correlation between scores and future behaviour
Binet Simon Intelligence test
developed the first standardized intelligence test and introduced the idea of mental age
Binet’s view of intelligence
Viewed it as the ability to demonstrate memory, judgement, reasoning and social comprehension
What is the point of the binet’s intelligence test?
focus on language abilities and did not look to measure a child’s inborn intelligence but instead predict how well they will do in school
Binet refused to use ___ ____ to rank children? Why?
Test scores, because intelligence is too complex to draw meaningful conclusions among most children
Galton’s view of intelligence
wanted to understand why some ppl seem more intelligen than others and understand evolutionary factors contributing
Theory of psychophysical performance
Galton’s theory that people with more energy can perform more work and in turn develop greater intelligence
Psychic energy, heightened sensitivity to external stimuli are linked to
Galton
What did Galton develop?
tests of an individual’s sensory processing, motor skills, and reaction time
