Chapter 10: HEALTH PROGRAM PLANNING AND EVALUATION Flashcards
Which one of the following options represents the steps in health program management?
a. Assess, plan, implement, evaluate
b. Identify, initiate, implement
c. Organize, operationalize, mobilize, subsidize
d. Substantiate, negotiate, evaluate
A
The health program management process is similar to the nursing process. Health program management consists of assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating a health program, in partnership with the client.
What is the ultimate goal of program planning?
a. Avoiding unanticipated conflicts in the program development phase
b. Ensuring adequate funding to meet the program’s resource requirements
c. Ensuring that health care services are satisfactory, comparable, effective, and beneficial
d. Preventing unnecessary duplication of services
C
The comprehensive goal of program planning is to ensure that health care services are acceptable, equitable, efficient, and effective.
On the basis of projected increases in the number of older adult Canadian citizens, a planning committee wants to establish a daycare program for the community’s older adult population. Which stage would be used to assess the needs of this proposed program?
a. Preactive stage
b. Reactive stage
c. Inactive stage
d. Interactive stage
A
In the preactive stage, assessment is done on the basis of projections of future needs.
Which of the following descriptors meets all of the criteria for identifying a potential client for a program?
a. All women 40 to 50 years of age who have not had a menstrual period for 3 consecutive months
b. Immigrants residing in the district of Wakefield for less than 5 years who have difficulty understanding care instructions because of limited English proficiency
c. Pregnant women who have received nutritional counselling but whose nutritional status did not improve
d. Children aged 18 months to 5 years who have been treated for nutritional deficiencies at the district health clinic
B
A client should be identified on the basis of biological and psychosocial characteristics, by geographical location, and by the problems to be addressed. A correct example identifies who the client is, what the need is, and where the clients are located. The correct answer meets all the criteria (psychosocial characteristic = immigrant; location = Wakefield; problem = difficulty understanding care instructions). The other choices are lacking either a specific location or an identified problem.
Evaluation is under way for a province-wide program whose goal is to decrease teen injury and death associated with driving while under the influence of alcohol. Which of the following questions is most effective in helping make a summative evaluation of the program?
a. Are program participants completing all aspects of the program, and do their satisfaction scores indicate that they are pleased with the program?
b. What is the change in statistics for injuries and deaths associated with drunk driving among teens in the year following the program?
c. What is the difference in the amount of alcohol intake by teens before and after participant entry into the program?
d. What problems with program implementation have been identified?
B
Summative evaluation is evaluation to assess program outcomes or a follow-up of the results of program activities. Are program participants completing all options and what problems with implementation have been identified are examples of questions used for formative evaluation. The difference in the amount of alcohol intake by teens before and after the program assesses a goal that has not been identified in this scenario (i.e., the goal was not to decrease consumption of alcohol but to decrease driving under the influence of alcohol).
A committee concludes that a program’s objectives were met and that activities received positive ratings from the community, but decides that the program will be discontinued because its cost was triple the amount anticipated. In this scenario, which one of the following program evaluation measures has been identified as the problem?
a. Adequacy
b. Effectiveness
c. Impact
d. Sustainability
D
The aspects of program evaluation include the following: evaluation of relevance (need for the program); adequacy (whether the program addresses the extent of the need); progress (tracking of program activities to meet program objectives); efficiency (relationship between program outcomes and the resources spent); effectiveness (ability to meet program objectives and the results of program efforts); impact (long-term changes in the client population); and sustainability (enough resources [usually money] to continue the program).
Which one of the following programs would best exemplify an emphasis on tertiary prevention?
a. Development of an in-school clinic that provides counselling on contraception
b. Providing a diabetes management program for persons with diabetes mellitus
c. Providing cardiovascular fitness evaluations at annual health fairs
d. Setting up free blood pressure screening at popular department stores and supermarkets
B
The aim of tertiary prevention programs is to reduce complications from diseases. Development of an in-school contraception clinic offers a primary prevention (pregnancy has not occurred). Providing cardiovascular fitness evaluations and setting up free blood pressure screening are secondary-prevention programs (screening identifies conditions early and determines incidence and prevalence).
A committee of health care professionals would like to establish a district-wide program to improve access to culturally competent health care services for Vietnamese immigrants. Which one of the following would be the best person to select as a key information provider about this community’s needs?
a. The hospital administrator
b. A Vietnamese community leader
c. A national expert on cultural competency
d. A provincial/territorial or municipal government official
B
Key information providers are leaders in a particular community who are knowledgeable about community needs. In this scenario, a Vietnamese leader most likely knows more about the needs of the Vietnamese community in question than would the other individuals listed.
Which of the following potential data sources would most likely be eliminated by the community health nurse (CHN) who wishes to conduct a needs assessment on a limited budget?
a. Community forums
b. Examination of community indicators
c. Focus groups
d. Surveys
D
Surveys tend to be more expensive than other methods; therefore, the CHN would want to consider the other options if on a limited budget.
In order to evaluate a program designed to decrease obesity among school-aged children, which of the following questions would be the most important to consider?
a. Are the school-aged children satisfied with the program?
b. Can the parents and guardians support the program requirements?
c. Has obesity among the school-aged children decreased?
d. What is the program cost compared with the program benefit?
C
The major benefit of program evaluation is that it shows whether the program is meeting its goals. It should answer the following questions: Are the needs for which the program was designed being met? Are the problems it was designed to solve being solved? If the program does not achieve the purpose for which it is designed, concerns of satisfaction and cost are irrelevant.
A CHN is checking the records of a health unit to compare the number of new teen clients who have sought contraceptive counselling and management in the 2 months before and after an education intervention program to decrease teen pregnancy. What step of the evaluation process does the CHN’s action represent?
a. Determining outcome goal measurement
b. Goal setting
c. Measuring the goal effect
d. Evaluating the program
C
Measuring the achievement of a goal is accomplished by reviewing the records and summarizing the incidence of the condition in question before and after the program.
