Chapter 01: COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING Flashcards
Which of the following best describes community health nursing?
a. Focusing on the health care of individual clients in the community
b. Giving care with a focus on the group’s needs
c. Giving care with a focus on the aggregate’s needs
d. Working with an approach of unique client care
ANS: A
By definition, community health nursing is the health care of individual clients in the community.
Which of the following best describes primary health care?
a. A comprehensive way to address issues of social justice
b. Giving care to manage acute or chronic conditions
c. Giving direct care to ill individuals within their family setting
d. Having the goal of health promotion and disease prevention
ANS: A
By definition, primary health care is comprehensive and addresses issues of social justice and equity. Social justice in the context of health refers to ensuring fairness and equality in health services so that vulnerable individuals in society have easy access to health care.
The health of which of the following is the primary focus of public health nurses (PHNs)?
a. Families
b. Groups
c. Individuals
d. Populations
ANS: D
PHNs use knowledge of nursing, social sciences, and public health sciences for the promotion and protection of health and for the prevention of disease among populations.
Which of the following is the primary explanation for life expectancy increasing so notably during the twentieth century?
a. An increase in findings from medical laboratory research
b. Incredible advances in surgical techniques and procedures
c. Improved sanitation and other public health activities
d. Increased use of antibiotics to fight infections
ANS: C
Improvement in control of infectious diseases through immunizations, sanitation, and other public health activities led to the increase in life expectancy from less than 50 years in 1900 to more than 77 years in 2002.
Which community health nursing practice area receives funding from the private sector?
a. Telenurses
b. Corrections nurses
c. Nurse entrepreneurs
d. Street or outreach nurses
ANS: C
The nurse entrepreneur receives private funding, whereas all of the other community health nurse (CHN) roles are with provincially or federally funded positions.
Which of the following definitions reflects “client as society”?
a. Groups within a population working together on a defined activity
b. Systems that incorporate the social, political, economic, and cultural infrastructure to address issues of concern
c. People and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and share environments
d. A large group of people who have at least one characteristic in common and who reside in close proximity
ANS: B
Systems that incorporate the social, political, economic, and cultural infrastructure to address issues of concern is the definition of client as society.
A PHN strives to prevent disease and disability, often in partnership with other community groups. Which one of the following is an appropriate summary of the PHN’s role?
a. The PHN asks the political leaders what interventions should be chosen.
b. The PHN assesses the community and decides on appropriate interventions.
c. The PHN uses data from the main health care institutions in the community to determine needed health services.
d. The PHN works with community members to carry out public health functions.
ANS: D
It is crucial that the PHN work with members of the community to carry out core public health functions.
Which of the following is used as a measurement of population health?
a. Health status indicators
b. Awareness of levels of prevention
c. The number of memberships at the local fitness centre
d. Reported provincial alcohol and tobacco sales in any given month
ANS: A
The focus of community health nursing practice is disease prevention, which is broken down into three levels of prevention: primary, secondary, and tertiary.
Ms. LeBlanc, BSc, registered nurse (RN), has just been employed as a CHN. Which of the following questions might be very relevant to her practice as she begins her position?
a. “Which community groups are at greatest risk for problems?”
b. “Which patients should I see first as I begin my day?”
c. “With which physicians will I be collaborating most closely?”
d. “Who is the nursing assistant to whom I can refer patients?”
ANS: A
CHNs apply the nursing process to the entire community; asking which groups are at greatest risk reflects a community-oriented perspective. The other possible responses focus on particular individuals.
Whenever Ms. LeBlanc, BSc, RN, talks to the women at the senior citizens’ centre, she reminds them that the only way the centre will be able to afford a driver and a van service for those who cannot drive themselves is to continue to write letters to their local city council representatives, requesting funding for such a service. What is Ms. LeBlanc doing?
a. Ensuring that the women do not expect Ms. LeBlanc herself to do anything about their problem
b. Demonstrating that she understands the women’s concerns and needs
c. Expressing empathy, support, and concern
d. Helping the women engage in political action locally
ANS: D
PHNs have an imperative to work with the members of the community to carry out public health functions.
Which one of the following is an example of the “advocate” role of the CHN?
a. Organizing home care support for a newly discharged older adult client
b. Acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessible transit choices
c. Doing prenatal assessments
d. Facilitating a self-help group for smoking cessation
ANS: B
An advocate provides a voice to client concerns when acting as a member of a community action group for provision of accessible transit choices.
In which of the following scenarios is the PHN most probably fulfilling required employment responsibilities?
a. The PHN meets with several groups about community recreation issues.
b. The PHN spends the day attending meetings at various health agencies.
c. The PHN talks to several people about their particular health concerns.
d. The PHN watches television, including a telecast of a city council meeting on the local cable station.
ANS: B
Any of these might represent a PHN communicating, cooperating, or collaborating with community residents or groups about health concerns. However, the PHN who spends the day attending meetings at various health agencies is most probably fulfilling requirements effectively, since health is broader than recreation, individual concerns are not as important as aggregate priorities, and watching television is only one-way communication.
A CHN often has to make resource allocation decisions. In such cases, which of the following approaches will help the CHN to arrive at the decision?
a. Choosing a moral or ethical principle
b. Choosing the cheapest, most economical approach
c. Choosing the most rational outcome
d. Choosing the needs of the aggregate, rather than the needs of a few individuals
ANS: D
Although all of the answers represent components of the CHN’s decision-making process, the predominant needs of the population outweigh the expressed needs of one person or a few people.
Which one of the following situations represents public health nursing?
a. Assessing the services and effectiveness of the school health clinic
b. Caring for patients after their outpatient surgeries
c. Giving care to schoolchildren at the school clinic and to the children’s families
d. Treating paediatric patients at an outpatient clinic
ANS: A
A public health or population-focused approach would consider the entire group of children receiving care, to see if services are effective in achieving the goal of improving the health of the school population.
Which one of the following public health services represents primary prevention?
a. Developing a health education program about the dangers of smoking
b. Providing a diabetes clinic for adults in low-income neighbourhoods
c. Providing an influenza vaccination program in a community retirement village
d. Teaching school-aged children about the positive effects of exercise
ANS: C
Although all the services listed are appropriate and valuable, providing influenza vaccines to healthy adults represents the primary level of health prevention.
