Chapter 10

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

The process of Curving the conditions of people through division of knowledge and technology

Question 2

What are the 2 main categories of development?

Answer 2

developed and developing

Question 3

What are the sub-categories of development?

Answer 3

high, medium, and low developing

Question 4

What is the highest possible Human Development Index (HDI)?

Answer 4

1.0

Question 5

What 3 factors contribute to the HDI?

Answer 5

a decent standard of living, access to knowledge, life expectancy

Question 6

Gross national income (GNI)

Answer 6

Value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year including money that leaves and enters the Country

Question 7

Gross domestic product (GDP)

Answer 7

value of national output produced in a country but excludes money coming in from the GNI

Question 8

GDP v. GNI

Answer 8

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year The GDP does not account for money that leaves and enters the country

Question 9

Purchasing power parity (PPP)

Answer 9

an adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods

Question 10

primary sector jobs

Answer 10

is the extraction of raw goods from the earth- agriculture

Question 11

Secondary sector jobs

Answer 11

taking the raw Goods that were you know taken or produced from The primary sector and then manufacturing goes into a finished product- manufacturing

Question 12

tertiary sector jobs

Answer 12

retail, hospitality, real estate

Question 13

productivity

Answer 13

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of Labor needed to make it

Question 14

value added

Answer 14

the value of an article is increase that each stage of production

Question 15

What does the U.N. consider to be the most critical measure in this category and what two specific factors does the U.N. measure?

Answer 15

years of schooling, health, and education

Question 16

What is the main indicator the U.N. uses for this category and how does this differ on average
between developed and developing countries?

Answer 16

health is just as important as wealth and knowledge

Question 17

What factors contribute to longer life expectancies in developed countries?

Answer 17

better medicine

Question 18

What are the 2 scales of inequality?

Answer 18

regional, international and local levels and between males and females

Question 19

What is the IHDI?

Answer 19

measures the extent of inequality in a state, ideally HDI and IHDI, should be equal

Question 20

Gender-related Development Index (GDI)

Answer 20

measures gender gap in level of achievement: income, education, life expectancy, highest score is 1.0

Question 21

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Answer 21

measure the gender gap in reproductive health, empowerment, and developing, the higher the score the worse the inequality

Question 22

What does empowerment mean in the context of gender inequality?

Answer 22

ability to achieve improvements in status; economic and political power

Question 23

To narrow the gap between MDCs and LDCs, LDCs must develop more

Answer 23

Per capita GNI

Question 24

What are two challenges LDCs regarding rapid development?

Answer 24

adopting policies that successfully promotes and sustain development, finding funds to promote development

Question 25

Elements of the self sufficiency model

Answer 25

Import limits -tariffs -fixed quotas on imports -redistricting licenses of legal importers insulation -fledgling businesses are nursed to success by being isolated from international competition Equal investment -investment is spread equally across all sectors -equal income across the populous

Question 26

Elements of the International Trade Approach | Rostow’s Development Model

Answer 26

Traditional society -not started development higher # of people in ag. Preconditions for takeoff -elite group initiates economic activity elite promotes investment and technology Takeoff -rapid growth generated in a limited # of activities, textiles and food production Drive to maturity -modern tech diffuses widely to a variety of industries Age of mass consumption -economy shifts from steel and energy to consumer goods

Question 27

Problems and criticisms of the self sufficiency model

Answer 27

insufficient industries lack of competition corruption black market

Question 28

Problems and Criticisms of of the International Trade Approach (Rostow’s Development Model)

Answer 28

resource rich countries that are poor benefit from international trade international competitiveness increases and improves they way of manufacturing and conducting business

Question 29

Which of the two models for development has shown the most success?

Answer 29

international trade

Question 30

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Answer 30

- reduce or eliminate international trade restrictions on manufactured goods - protects intellectual property on the internet

Question 31

foreign direct investment (FDI)

Answer 31

Investment made by another foreign company in the economy of another country apple is an example

Question 32

structural adjustment programs

Answer 32

a structural adjustment program contains economic reforms or adjustments such as economical strategies for achieving objectives in external financing requirements.

Question 33

reforms may include:

Answer 33

Spending only what it can afford Directing benefits to the poor not just the elite diverting investment for military spending to health and education spending investing scarce resources where they will have the most impact encouraging a more productive private sector

Question 34

Fair Trade

Answer 34

provides greater equity to workers and small business in LDCs

Question 35

Overall goals of fair trade

Answer 35

promotion of sustainability through better trading ad working conditions, Three sets of standards- producers, worker, consumers

Question 36

Fair trade for producers

Answer 36

raise incomes, distribute profits and risks more fairly, promote safe and sustainable farming

Question 37

Fair trade for workers

Answer 37

paid for wages, permitted to unionize, protect environment and safety standards

Question 38

cooperative farm

Answer 38

Coops enable small scale farmer to undertake fair trade production, farmers pool resources, in certain areas of activity

Question 39

cooperative stores

Answer 39

a member owned, member governed business that operates for member benefits

Question 40

HDI

Answer 40

Gap between MDCs and LDCs has narrowed since 198- HDI has increased rapidly in LDCs

Question 41

GNI per capita

Answer 41

increased more rapidly in developed regions

Question 42

education

Answer 42

has increased at a similar rate in developed and developing

Question 43

life expectancy

Answer 43

has increased at a similar rate in developed and developing

Question 44

Sustainability goals

Answer 44

universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity