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APHUG > Chapter 10 Flashcards > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Development

A

The process of Curving the conditions of people through division of knowledge and technology

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2
Q

What are the 2 main categories of development?

A

developed and developing

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3
Q

What are the sub-categories of development?

A

high, medium, and low developing

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4
Q

What is the highest possible Human Development Index (HDI)?

A

1.0

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5
Q

What 3 factors contribute to the HDI?

A

a decent standard of living, access to knowledge, life expectancy

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6
Q

Gross national income (GNI)

A

Value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year including money that leaves and enters the Country

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7
Q

Gross domestic product (GDP)

A

value of national output produced in a country but excludes money coming in from the GNI

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8
Q

GDP v. GNI

A

The value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year The GDP does not account for money that leaves and enters the country

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9
Q

Purchasing power parity (PPP)

A

an adjustment made to the GNI to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods

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10
Q

primary sector jobs

A

is the extraction of raw goods from the earth- agriculture

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11
Q

Secondary sector jobs

A

taking the raw Goods that were you know taken or produced from The primary sector and then manufacturing goes into a finished product- manufacturing

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12
Q

tertiary sector jobs

A

retail, hospitality, real estate

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13
Q

productivity

A

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of Labor needed to make it

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14
Q

value added

A

the value of an article is increase that each stage of production

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15
Q

What does the U.N. consider to be the most critical measure in this category and what two specific factors does the U.N. measure?

A

years of schooling, health, and education

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16
Q

What is the main indicator the U.N. uses for this category and how does this differ on average
between developed and developing countries?

A

health is just as important as wealth and knowledge

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17
Q

What factors contribute to longer life expectancies in developed countries?

A

better medicine

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18
Q

What are the 2 scales of inequality?

A

regional, international and local levels and between males and females

19
Q

What is the IHDI?

A

measures the extent of inequality in a state, ideally HDI and IHDI, should be equal

20
Q

Gender-related Development Index (GDI)

A

measures gender gap in level of achievement: income, education, life expectancy, highest score is 1.0

21
Q

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A

measure the gender gap in reproductive health, empowerment, and developing, the higher the score the worse the inequality

22
Q

What does empowerment mean in the context of gender inequality?

A

ability to achieve improvements in status; economic and political power

23
Q

To narrow the gap between MDCs and LDCs, LDCs must develop more

A

Per capita GNI

24
Q

What are two challenges LDCs regarding rapid development?

A

adopting policies that successfully promotes and sustain development, finding funds to promote development

25
Q

Elements of the self sufficiency model

A

Import limits
-tariffs
-fixed quotas on imports
-redistricting licenses of legal importers
insulation
-fledgling businesses are nursed to success by being isolated from international competition
Equal investment
-investment is spread equally across all sectors
-equal income across the populous

26
Q

Elements of the International Trade Approach

Rostow’s Development Model

A

Traditional society
-not started development higher # of people in ag.
Preconditions for takeoff
-elite group initiates economic activity elite promotes investment and technology
Takeoff
-rapid growth generated in a limited # of activities, textiles and food production
Drive to maturity
-modern tech diffuses widely to a variety of industries
Age of mass consumption
-economy shifts from steel and energy to consumer goods

27
Q

Problems and criticisms of the self sufficiency model

A

insufficient industries
lack of competition
corruption
black market

28
Q

Problems and Criticisms of of the International Trade Approach (Rostow’s Development Model)

A

resource rich countries that are poor benefit from international trade
international competitiveness increases and improves they way of manufacturing and conducting business

29
Q

Which of the two models for development has shown the most success?

A

international trade

30
Q

World Trade Organization (WTO)

A
  • reduce or eliminate international trade restrictions on manufactured goods
  • protects intellectual property on the internet
31
Q

foreign direct investment (FDI)

A

Investment made by another foreign company in the economy of another country
apple is an example

32
Q

structural adjustment programs

A

a structural adjustment program contains economic reforms or adjustments such as economical strategies for achieving objectives in external financing requirements.

33
Q

reforms may include:

A

Spending only what it can afford
Directing benefits to the poor not just the elite
diverting investment for military spending to health and education spending
investing scarce resources where they will have the most impact
encouraging a more productive private sector

34
Q

Fair Trade

A

provides greater equity to workers and small business in LDCs

35
Q

Overall goals of fair trade

A

promotion of sustainability through better trading ad working conditions, Three sets of standards- producers, worker, consumers

36
Q

Fair trade for producers

A

raise incomes, distribute profits and risks more fairly, promote safe and sustainable farming

37
Q

Fair trade for workers

A

paid for wages, permitted to unionize, protect environment and safety standards

38
Q

cooperative farm

A

Coops enable small scale farmer to undertake fair trade production, farmers pool resources, in certain areas of activity

39
Q

cooperative stores

A

a member owned, member governed business that operates for member benefits

40
Q

HDI

A

Gap between MDCs and LDCs has narrowed since 198- HDI has increased rapidly in LDCs

41
Q

GNI per capita

A

increased more rapidly in developed regions

42
Q

education

A

has increased at a similar rate in developed and developing

43
Q

life expectancy

A

has increased at a similar rate in developed and developing

44
Q

Sustainability goals

A

universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure peace and prosperity

APHUG (4 decks)

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