APHUG Midterm Review Flashcards
population density
the numebr of people within a given area-clustered or dispersed
arithmetic population density
measure of the number of people within a given area divided by the total land area
physiologic population density
measure of the number of people per arable (farmable) land
peters projection
shape of the continents are longated
carrying capacity
the number of people an area can sustain without critically straining its resources
thematic map
maps used to display a specific type of info pertaining to an area
cartogram
hows statistical data by transforming space
Mercator map
mainly used but still distorted by size
robinson projection
distorts the edges
absolute direction
finding a location using a compass
possibilism
theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations but people use their creativity to decide how to respond to the conditions of the environment
clustering
when there are a lot of people in one certain area
dispersed
when people are more spread out over an area
sustaniability
meeting an increased demand for resources in a way that protects the ability of future generations to meet there own needs
environmental determinism
theory that a society is formed and determined by the physical environment by the physical environment, especially climate; human development is controlled by the environment
total fertility rate
the average number children a woman will have during her child bearing years (15-49)
migration
involves a degree of permanence when moving to a new locale
emigration (out migration)
describes movement out of a particular place
immigration (in migration)
describes movement to a particular place
transnational migration
migration across national boundaries
internal migration
migration within national boundaries
demographic transition model (DTM)
describes the relationship between population and the development of a country and can be used to explain population change over time
stage 1 of the DTM
pre-industrialization-birth rates are high & death rates are high=low population growth
formal region
region marked by a shared trait
functional region
region marked by sets of activities
perceptual/vernacular reigon
region that exists as an idea
What group(s) of people migrated to the US in the 1800s
Germans and Irish
What group(s) of people migrated to the US in the 1900s
Asians
reference maps
maps used to show landforms and/or places
physical map
reference map that shows identifiable natural landmarks such as mountains, rivers, oceans, elevation
political map
reference map that shows political boundaries
race human
historical classification that is used to categorize human populations with shared physical traits
disrupted growth
significant gaps in the pyramid, usually as a result of war, strict population policies, or other drastic events
stable/slow growth
chracterized by a rectangular shape
declining/negative growth
the base is smaller than previous cohorts
disrupted growth
significant gaps in the pyramid, usually as a result of war, strict population policies, or other drastic events
Cultural landscape
the combination of physical features, agricultural , and industrial practices, religious, and linguistic practices, sequent occupancy and postmodern architecture
culture
shared practices, technologies, attitudes, and behaviors transmitted by the members of a society that are not the result of biological inheritance
ethnicity
a group of people who share a common cultural identity
race human populations with shared physical traits
historical classification that is used to categorize
material culture
clothing, food, art, buildings
non-material culture
language, religion, education, government, music, holidays
lingua franca
a language understood by most people that speak other languages, usually for trade
centrifugal force
a force that tears a country apart
genocide
premeditated effort to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, religious group
relocation diffusion
type of cultural diffusion that happens by people relocate to other areas
expansion diffusion
type of cultural diffusion where an idea or thing originates and starts to spread out from that area
contagious diffusion
type of expansion diffusion where most all individuals are affected
hierarchical diffusion
type of expansion diffusion that spreads when someone famous or of a higher powers starts a trend
stimulus diffusion
type of expansion diffusion when a small portion of the modifies it
stage 2 of the DTM
developing country-birth rates are high & death rates begin to drop=population increase
stage 3 of the DTM
developing country- birth rates begin to drop and death rates begin to drop=population levels off
stage 4 of the DTM
developed country- birth rates are low and death rates are low= populaltion stabilizes
stage 5 of the DTM
developed country-birth rates are very low and deth rates are low=population declines
epidemiological transition
increase in population due to medical innovations (modern medicine) causing a decrease in the death rate
thomas malthus
argued that the size and growth of a population depends on the food supply and agricultural methods AND when there is an insufficient supply of food, people die
pro-antalist population policies
policies that provide incentives fo rwomen to have children typically in countries with declining populations
anti-natalist population policies
policies that encourage ouples to limit the numebr of children they have
Ex: China’s one child policy
population aging
determined by birth rates, death rates, and life expectancy
pull factors
chracteristics that attract a person to a place
push factors
chracteristics that make a person want to leave a place
genocide
premeditated effort to destroy a national, ethnic, racial, religious group
creolization
the blending of an outside language with a native one
ethnic neighborhood
an area of a city that is mainly occupied by one ethnicity
ethnic cleansing
the effort to rid of a country/region of a particular ethnicity either through forced migration or genocide
forced migration
an individual migrates against her/his will, including events that produce slaves, refugees, internally displaced persons, and asylum seekers
refugee
individuals, protected by law, who cross national boundaries to seek safety from armed conflict or persecution
asylum seekers
individuals who flee their home country and applies for protection, but their request for sanctuary has yet to be processed, once processed, ther are either given refugee status or refused and returned to their home country
internally displaced person
individuals who leave their home due to conflict, human rights abuse, war, or environmental catastrophes, but do not leave their country to seek safety
sun belt
the states in the south and west coast where in the 1960’s and 1970’s, larger numbers of white, middle-class Americans moved from older northeastern and Midwestern cities
birth rate
number of live births in a single for every 1000 people
mortality (death) rate
number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people
infant mortality rate
number of deaths during the 1st year of life per 1000
maternal mortality rate
number of deaths during or shortly after childbirth per 100,000
what is the steady natural increase rate (NIR)
2.1
globalization
the process of increased interconnections among countries
urbanization
refers to the movement of people to towns and cities and resulting expansion of rural areas
cultural convergence
cultures become alike as interaction increase
cultural divergance
the tendency for cultural groups to disassociate from others in order to protect or preserve their culture
folk culture
Origins are usually Anonymous, isolated indigenous communities, heterogeneous
popular culture
large heterogeneous groups of people so people of all different races and nationalities, uniformity is promoted
hearth
the source of where something comes from
language
method of communication (spoken/written)
language family
a group of languages with a shared but fairly distant orgins
dialect
variant of a standard language along regional and ethnic lines
Christianity
universalizing, monotheistic, 2.1 billion followers
Islam
universalizing, monotheistic, 1.3 billion followers
Hindu
ethnic, monotheistic, 900 million followers
Buddhism
universalizing, neither poly or mono, 376 million followers
Sikhism
universalizing, monotheistic, 23 million
Judiasim
ethnic, monotheistic, 14 million
ethnic religion
people do not try to spread their religon
universalizing religion
people try to spread the religion
stage 1 of the epidemiologic transition
diseases, animal/human attacks
stage 2 of the epidemiologic transition
receding pandemics, sanitation, nutrition leading to a lower CDR
stage 3 of the epidemiological transition
degenerative man made diseases, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, obesity
stage 4 of the epidemiological transition
delayed degenerative diseases, extended life expectancy due to medical advances
stage 5 of the epidemiological tranisiton
resurgence of infectious diseases due to globalization
toponym
a place-name
Indo-European language family
family of languages that have come from one single language
toponym
place names
Emigrant
People that are migrating exiting a country
immigrant
People migrating that are entering the country
Pull factors
economic opportunity, better life
Push factors
war, famine, political instability
Sino Tibetan language family
mandarin, most native speakers
ethnocentrism
the judging of another culture based on the values of your own culture
cultural relativism
the idea that a persons beliefs and values should not be judged
