Chapter 10 - Emotio Flashcards
One criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion has been that physiological responses are not specific enough to correspond to different emotions. However, more recent research has shown that ________, which is ________ with the James-Lange theory.
different primary emotions correspond to different patterns of brain activation; consistent
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by attempts to avoid thinking about a seriously traumatic event, accompanied by flashbacks to and nightmares about that event. PTSD would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of
thought suppression.
Participants in a psychology experiment are shown photographs that elicit three kinds of emotional reactions: happiness, fear, or sadness. A week later, they are shown a series of photographs and asked to identify which ones they had seen before. You could predict that the best memory would be for the
frightening pictures.
In the mythical country of Xacandra, people experience an emotion they call revzola. Revzola is associated with particular states of arousal, and the people who experience it strongly do better in Xacandran society. When Xacandran psychologists explored nearby countries, they discovered that every culture had an emotion like revzola, though they called it by different names. In terms of the circumplex model of emotions, revzola is a ________ emotion.
primary
Extinction of a classically conditioned response involves suppression of that response by higher brain centers; the conditioned response can be established again very quickly. The probable mechanism for extinction lies in the path from the ________; the probable mechanism for reconditioning lies in the path from the ________.
thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala; thalamus to the amygdala
Which of the following is NOT a primary emotion?
guilt
Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. The effect of the roller coaster causes ________ associated with emotion; thinking that the arousal is usually due to romantic feelings is part of the ________ associated with emotion; and feeling they are falling in love reflects the ________ associated with emotion.
physical changes; cognitive appraisals; subjective experiences
In the mythical country of Xacandra, people experience an emotion that they call blegthium. Though everyone agrees that people experience blegthium, it has proven very difficult to define it or to associate it with physiological correlates. Cross-cultural Xacandran psychologists have not been able to consistently find an emotion comparable to blegthium in other cultures. In terms of the circumplex model of emotions, blegthium is a ________ emotion.
secondary
Dagmar and Bjorg have gone down the most demanding ski trail at the resort. Back at the lodge, they suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly. This effect is most likely due to
excitation transfer.
Which of the following is NOT a secondary emotion?
happiness
A major aspect of depression is persistently negative cognitive attributions about the self, life, and the future. Depression would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of
rumination.
In recent years, people all across the country have formed laughter groups, in which a small number of people get together on a regular basis to laugh. They do not generate their laughter by watching funny movies or telling jokes. Instead, they simply laugh deliberately for some period of time. Even though the laughter is occurring without humor, people in these groups enjoy improved mental and physical health. The primary reason these groups lead to health improvements even though they do not change people’s emotions is that
laughter has physiological effects that are similar to exercise.
Luiz is walking home late at night when he hears footsteps behind him. He is instantly frightened and gets ready to run. He glances over his shoulder and sees that it is the neighborhood police officer on patrol. Realizing there is nothing to fear, he calms down. Luiz’s first response, fear, was processed by the path from the ________. His second response, calming, was processed by the path from the
thalamus to the amygdala; thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala
Imagine you will be going to Zambia on a field trip. The research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should
not worry much about misinterpretation of universal facial expressions.
Imagine you are out for a hike and come across a snake. Which of the following explanations best represents the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
I’m shaking, and I’m afraid.
According to the textbook, what is the current consensus on the use of neuroimaging methods such as fMRI for lie detection?
There are ethical and methodological issues that need to be considered before fMRI can be used in the courtroom.
LaVonne is majoring in engineering, but she dislikes all of her engineering classes and loves all of her government classes. One day, when LaVonne is reading political science to avoid reading engineering, she decides to change her major and become a lawyer. LaVonne’s decision reflects which quality of emotions?
They provide information about significant personal goals.
Winona has a great deal of trouble determining the amount of fear that someone is experiencing based on his or her facial expressions. It is quite likely that Winona has damage to her
amygdala.
The ________ is (are) the facial feature (features) that best expresses (express) emotion independently; the ________ is (are) the facial feature (features) that best express (expresses) emotion as part of the whole face.
eyes; mouth
When Suellen learns that her roommate will be an international student from Britain, she is worried that she will be stiff and reserved. She is very surprised, but pleased, when her roommate, Diana, turns out to be bouncy and emotional. Suellen is surprised because Diana’s behavior violates
cultural display rules.
Which of the following statements is true about display rules?
They are learned through socialization.
In the mythical country of Xacandra, people experience an emotion they call revzola. Revzola is associated with particular states of arousal, and the people who experience it strongly do better in Xacandran society. When Xacandran psychologists explored nearby countries, they discovered that every culture had an emotion like revzola, though they called it by different names. In terms of the circumplex model of emotions, revzola is a ________ emotion.
primary
According to Baumeister, which of the following is NOT a way in which guilt can protect and strengthen interpersonal relationships?
Guilt encourages people to be honest in their relationships.
Cross-cultural research on emotions conveyed by facial expressions shows that
some facial expressions are universal, suggesting a biological basis.
In recent years, people all across the country have formed laughter groups, in which a small number of people get together on a regular basis to laugh. They do not generate their laughter by watching funny movies or telling jokes. Instead, they simply laugh deliberately for some period of time. Even though the laughter is occurring without humor, people in these groups enjoy improved mental and physical health. The primary reason these groups lead to health improvements even though they do not change people’s emotions is that
laughter has physiological effects that are similar to exercise.
Extinction of a classically conditioned response involves suppression of that response by higher brain centers; the conditioned response can be established again very quickly. The probable mechanism for extinction lies in the path from the ________; the probable mechanism for reconditioning lies in the path from the ________.
thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala; thalamus to the amygdala
Imagine you will be going to Zambia on a field trip. The research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should
not worry much about misinterpretation of universal facial expressions
If you hold a pencil in your teeth, forcing you to raise the edges of your lips into a sort of smile, you will ________, as predicted by the ________.
begin to feel happy; facial feedback hypothesis
Paloma’s parents spent a great deal of time with her when she was growing up; they always made her feel loved and valued. Erhard’s parents loved him, but they were always busy and distant. As an adult, who is likely to experience more guilt, and why?
Paloma, because she has a happy relationship with her parents
Paul Ekman did cross-cultural research about facial expressions to disprove the hypothesis of which early theorist?
Charles Darwin
Amayah is applying for a job at the CIA, and learns she will have to take a polygraph test. Based on what you know about how such tests work, which physiological signals should Amayah attempt to control if she wants to pass her test?
heart rate, respiration, and skin conductance
Japanese students were shown film clips designed to provoke strong emotions. When a student watched the clips with other people, she showed little outward emotion. When the student watched the clips alone, she showed the same emotions as are seen in American college students. The difference in emotional expression in the two situations shows the influence of
cultural display rules
Danny, who has a damaged amygdala, accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned. Later, Danny’s reaction to fire is that he
knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it.
The strongest cross-cultural congruence in the identification of emotions seems to involve ________, and the weakest seems to involve __
happiness; fear and disgust
Which of the following is NOT a secondary emotion?
happiness
