Chapter 10 - Emotio Flashcards
One criticism of the James-Lange theory of emotion has been that physiological responses are not specific enough to correspond to different emotions. However, more recent research has shown that ________, which is ________ with the James-Lange theory.
different primary emotions correspond to different patterns of brain activation; consistent
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by attempts to avoid thinking about a seriously traumatic event, accompanied by flashbacks to and nightmares about that event. PTSD would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of
thought suppression.
Participants in a psychology experiment are shown photographs that elicit three kinds of emotional reactions: happiness, fear, or sadness. A week later, they are shown a series of photographs and asked to identify which ones they had seen before. You could predict that the best memory would be for the
frightening pictures.
In the mythical country of Xacandra, people experience an emotion they call revzola. Revzola is associated with particular states of arousal, and the people who experience it strongly do better in Xacandran society. When Xacandran psychologists explored nearby countries, they discovered that every culture had an emotion like revzola, though they called it by different names. In terms of the circumplex model of emotions, revzola is a ________ emotion.
primary
Extinction of a classically conditioned response involves suppression of that response by higher brain centers; the conditioned response can be established again very quickly. The probable mechanism for extinction lies in the path from the ________; the probable mechanism for reconditioning lies in the path from the ________.
thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala; thalamus to the amygdala
Which of the following is NOT a primary emotion?
guilt
Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. The effect of the roller coaster causes ________ associated with emotion; thinking that the arousal is usually due to romantic feelings is part of the ________ associated with emotion; and feeling they are falling in love reflects the ________ associated with emotion.
physical changes; cognitive appraisals; subjective experiences
In the mythical country of Xacandra, people experience an emotion that they call blegthium. Though everyone agrees that people experience blegthium, it has proven very difficult to define it or to associate it with physiological correlates. Cross-cultural Xacandran psychologists have not been able to consistently find an emotion comparable to blegthium in other cultures. In terms of the circumplex model of emotions, blegthium is a ________ emotion.
secondary
Dagmar and Bjorg have gone down the most demanding ski trail at the resort. Back at the lodge, they suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly. This effect is most likely due to
excitation transfer.
Which of the following is NOT a secondary emotion?
happiness
A major aspect of depression is persistently negative cognitive attributions about the self, life, and the future. Depression would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of
rumination.
In recent years, people all across the country have formed laughter groups, in which a small number of people get together on a regular basis to laugh. They do not generate their laughter by watching funny movies or telling jokes. Instead, they simply laugh deliberately for some period of time. Even though the laughter is occurring without humor, people in these groups enjoy improved mental and physical health. The primary reason these groups lead to health improvements even though they do not change people’s emotions is that
laughter has physiological effects that are similar to exercise.
Luiz is walking home late at night when he hears footsteps behind him. He is instantly frightened and gets ready to run. He glances over his shoulder and sees that it is the neighborhood police officer on patrol. Realizing there is nothing to fear, he calms down. Luiz’s first response, fear, was processed by the path from the ________. His second response, calming, was processed by the path from the
thalamus to the amygdala; thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala
Imagine you will be going to Zambia on a field trip. The research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should
not worry much about misinterpretation of universal facial expressions.
Imagine you are out for a hike and come across a snake. Which of the following explanations best represents the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
I’m shaking, and I’m afraid.
According to the textbook, what is the current consensus on the use of neuroimaging methods such as fMRI for lie detection?
There are ethical and methodological issues that need to be considered before fMRI can be used in the courtroom.
LaVonne is majoring in engineering, but she dislikes all of her engineering classes and loves all of her government classes. One day, when LaVonne is reading political science to avoid reading engineering, she decides to change her major and become a lawyer. LaVonne’s decision reflects which quality of emotions?
They provide information about significant personal goals.
Winona has a great deal of trouble determining the amount of fear that someone is experiencing based on his or her facial expressions. It is quite likely that Winona has damage to her
amygdala.
The ________ is (are) the facial feature (features) that best expresses (express) emotion independently; the ________ is (are) the facial feature (features) that best express (expresses) emotion as part of the whole face.
eyes; mouth
When Suellen learns that her roommate will be an international student from Britain, she is worried that she will be stiff and reserved. She is very surprised, but pleased, when her roommate, Diana, turns out to be bouncy and emotional. Suellen is surprised because Diana’s behavior violates
cultural display rules.
Which of the following statements is true about display rules?
They are learned through socialization.
In the mythical country of Xacandra, people experience an emotion they call revzola. Revzola is associated with particular states of arousal, and the people who experience it strongly do better in Xacandran society. When Xacandran psychologists explored nearby countries, they discovered that every culture had an emotion like revzola, though they called it by different names. In terms of the circumplex model of emotions, revzola is a ________ emotion.
primary
According to Baumeister, which of the following is NOT a way in which guilt can protect and strengthen interpersonal relationships?
Guilt encourages people to be honest in their relationships.
Cross-cultural research on emotions conveyed by facial expressions shows that
some facial expressions are universal, suggesting a biological basis.
In recent years, people all across the country have formed laughter groups, in which a small number of people get together on a regular basis to laugh. They do not generate their laughter by watching funny movies or telling jokes. Instead, they simply laugh deliberately for some period of time. Even though the laughter is occurring without humor, people in these groups enjoy improved mental and physical health. The primary reason these groups lead to health improvements even though they do not change people’s emotions is that
laughter has physiological effects that are similar to exercise.
Extinction of a classically conditioned response involves suppression of that response by higher brain centers; the conditioned response can be established again very quickly. The probable mechanism for extinction lies in the path from the ________; the probable mechanism for reconditioning lies in the path from the ________.
thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala; thalamus to the amygdala
Imagine you will be going to Zambia on a field trip. The research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should
not worry much about misinterpretation of universal facial expressions
If you hold a pencil in your teeth, forcing you to raise the edges of your lips into a sort of smile, you will ________, as predicted by the ________.
begin to feel happy; facial feedback hypothesis
Paloma’s parents spent a great deal of time with her when she was growing up; they always made her feel loved and valued. Erhard’s parents loved him, but they were always busy and distant. As an adult, who is likely to experience more guilt, and why?
Paloma, because she has a happy relationship with her parents
Paul Ekman did cross-cultural research about facial expressions to disprove the hypothesis of which early theorist?
Charles Darwin
Amayah is applying for a job at the CIA, and learns she will have to take a polygraph test. Based on what you know about how such tests work, which physiological signals should Amayah attempt to control if she wants to pass her test?
heart rate, respiration, and skin conductance
Japanese students were shown film clips designed to provoke strong emotions. When a student watched the clips with other people, she showed little outward emotion. When the student watched the clips alone, she showed the same emotions as are seen in American college students. The difference in emotional expression in the two situations shows the influence of
cultural display rules
Danny, who has a damaged amygdala, accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned. Later, Danny’s reaction to fire is that he
knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it.
The strongest cross-cultural congruence in the identification of emotions seems to involve ________, and the weakest seems to involve __
happiness; fear and disgust
Which of the following is NOT a secondary emotion?
happiness
The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion states that
a situation can evoke a physiological response that is followed by an emotion label.
How might the James-Lange theory of emotion describe the relationship between fear and trembling?
We feel afraid because we tremble
Ahmad and Sheila just moved in together. While unpacking, they begin to fight and Sheila becomes frustrated when Ahmad cannot explain to her why he is upset. According to the textbook, why might this be occurring?
Women tend to be better at expressing their emotions than men.
If you hold a pencil in your teeth, forcing you to raise the edges of your lips into a sort of smile, you will ________, as predicted by the ________.
begin to feel happy; facial feedback hypothesis
Jermaine told his girlfriend that he was going to the library when he was actually staying home to watch the game. She begins to get angry when she stops by his room and finds him watching TV. However, when he starts to blush and look embarrassed, she readily forgives him. Her attitude changes because his embarrassment and blushing indicate that Jermaine
recognizes his error.
Bethany’s boyfriend has just broken up with her. At first, she is heartbroken, thinking she has lost the perfect man. As the weeks go by, she realizes that she had never acknowledged the negative aspects of the relationship. Eventually, she comes to see the breakup as an opportunity rather than a disaster. Bethany is engaging in ________, which research suggests will ____
reappraisal; change neural processing of emotion
Danny, who has a damaged amygdala, accidentally spilled kerosene on a campfire and got badly burned. Later, Danny’s reaction to fire is that he
knows it is dangerous but has no conditioned fear of it.
Donato and Quincy are identical twins who were separated at birth. Donato tends to be fearful of many things and can easily be made to feel guilty. If we evaluated fear and guilt in Quincy, we would expect that he would have ________ of fear and ________ of guilt.
high levels; unpredictable levels
Imagine you will be going to Zambia on a field trip. The research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should
not worry much about misinterpretation of universal facial expressions.
Bethany’s boyfriend has just broken up with her. At first, she is heartbroken, thinking she has lost the perfect man. As the weeks go by, she realizes that she had never acknowledged the negative aspects of the relationship. Eventually, she comes to see the breakup as an opportunity rather than a disaster. Bethany is engaging in ________, which research suggests will ________.
reappraisal; change neural processing of emotion
A convincing piece of evidence for the idea that positive emotions and negative emotions are independent is that positive emotions involve ________ and negative emotions involve ________.
increases in dopamine; increases in norepinephrine
Dagmar and Bjorg have gone down the most demanding ski trail at the resort. Back at the lodge, they suddenly find that their attraction for each other has increased greatly. This effect is most likely due to
excitation transfer.
Jason and Cora are riding on a roller coaster, which is producing high levels of arousal. They attribute their aroused state to romantic feelings for each other and feel they are falling in love. The effect of the roller coaster causes ________ associated with emotion; thinking that the arousal is usually due to romantic feelings is part of the ________ associated with emotion; and feeling they are falling in love reflects the ________ associated with emotion.
physical changes; cognitive appraisals; subjective experiences
Gavriel has a tremendous crush on Angelique, who seems to see him only as a friend. One way that Gavriel might be able to change Angelique’s feelings would be to
take her to a scary movie.
The strongest cross-cultural congruence in the identification of emotions seems to involve ________, and the weakest seems to involve ___
happiness; fear and disgust
The Schachter-Singer two-factor theory of emotion states that
a situation can evoke a physiological response that is followed by an emotion label.
The James-Lange theory of emotion states that
our perception of bodily responses leads to our emotions.
A child is very excited to go to the playground. He is walking in circles, fidgeting with his hands, and showing other forms of agitation. These behaviors are almost certainly the result of
arousal.
Paul Ekman did cross-cultural research about facial expressions to disprove the hypothesis of which early theorist?
Charles Darwin
Contemporary thinking about the role of the amygdala in emotion is that the path from the thalamus to the amygdala ________, and the path from the thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala ________.
prepares someone to respond; confirms whether a threat exists
According to the circumplex model, anger and annoyance share ________, whereas anger and joy share ________.
valence but not activation; activation but not valence
Aurore has been in a skiing accident. She remembers everything about her life, but does not seem to experience any emotions about her memories or about new things that happen. Aurore most likely has experienced damage to her ________, making her ________.
prefrontal cortex; insensitive to somatic markers
The strongest cross-cultural congruence in the identification of emotions seems to involve ________, and the weakest seems to involve
happiness; fear and disgust
Evolutionarily, women are more likely to display emotions related to ________, whereas men are more likely to display emotions related to ________.
caregiving; dominance
If you hold a pencil in your teeth, forcing you to raise the edges of your lips into a sort of smile, you will ________, as predicted by the ______
begin to feel happy; facial feedback hypothesis
Imagine you are out for a hike and come across a snake. Which of the following explanations best represents the James-Lange theory of emotion?
I’m afraid because I’m shaking.
Donato and Quincy are identical twins who were separated at birth. Donato tends to be fearful of many things and can easily be made to feel guilty. If we evaluated fear and guilt in Quincy, we would expect that he would have ________ of fear and ________ of guilt.
high levels; unpredictable levels
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by attempts to avoid thinking about a seriously traumatic event, accompanied by flashbacks to and nightmares about that event. PTSD would seem to involve the emotional coping strategy of
thought suppression.
Imagine you are out for a hike and come across a snake. Which of the following explanations best represents the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion?
I’m shaking, and I’m afraid.
The ________ is (are) the facial feature (features) that best expresses (express) emotion independently; the ________ is (are) the facial feature (features) that best express (expresses) emotion as part of the whole face.
eyes; mouth
John lives far away from his parents and feels badly that he rarely sees them. To make up for it, he calls them three times a week. John’s regular phone calls demonstrate that guilt
encourages behaviors that strengthen relationships.
Bethany’s boyfriend has just broken up with her. At first, she is heartbroken, thinking she has lost the perfect man. As the weeks go by, she realizes that she had never acknowledged the negative aspects of the relationship. Eventually, she comes to see the breakup as an opportunity rather than a disaster. Bethany is engaging in ________, which research suggests will ________.
reappraisal; change neural processing of emotion
Imagine you will be going to Zambia on a field trip. The research on facial expressions and emotion would suggest you should
not worry much about misinterpretation of universal facial expressions.
Contemporary thinking about the role of the amygdala in emotion is that the path from the thalamus to the amygdala ________, and the path from the thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala ________
prepares someone to respond; confirms whether a threat exists
Winona has a great deal of trouble determining the amount of fear that someone is experiencing based on his or her facial expressions. It is quite likely that Winona has damage to her
amygdala.
According to the circumplex model, anger and annoyance share ________, whereas anger and joy share ________.
valence but not activation; activation but not valence
Imagine that an alien tunes in to watch the Super Bowl, and notices the body language of one of the players who just scored a touchdown. If this alien shared the same underlying biology as humans, what would the alien perceive?
That the football player is proud of his accomplishment.
Luiz is walking home late at night when he hears footsteps behind him. He is instantly frightened and gets ready to run. He glances over his shoulder and sees that it is the neighborhood police officer on patrol. Realizing there is nothing to fear, he calms down. Luiz’s first response, fear, was processed by the path from the ________. His second response, calming, was processed by the path from th
thalamus to the amygdala; thalamus to the sensory cortex to the amygdala
Eva and Garnet are identical twins who survived a traumatic accident in which a bus they were riding in plummeted into a river. During the accident, Eva’s amygdala was severely damaged, but Garnet experienced no injuries. You would expect that Eva ________ develop a conditioned fear to buses and Garnet ________ develop a conditioned fear to buses.
would not; would
Jason is fascinated by his physics course; he gets excited every time he walks into class. However, Jason has always considered himself someone who does not like science, so he does not recognize that his excitement is due to the class. Instead, he decides that he must be attracted to his lab partner. Jason’s misattribution of his arousal is compatible with which theory of emotion?
two-factor
Toby is generally somewhat sad and pessimistic. Today, however, his candidate for president has won the election, and Toby is feeling incredibly optimistic and exuberant. Toby’s usual sadness and pessimism are a(n) ________; his current optimism and exuberance are a(n) ________.
mood; emotion
When people view a face that is displaying an emotion, which part is most important in determining how the viewers perceive the emotion?
eyes
Jermaine told his girlfriend that he was going to the library when he was actually staying home to watch the game. She begins to get angry when she stops by his room and finds him watching TV. However, when he starts to blush and look embarrassed, she readily forgives him. Her attitude changes because his embarrassment and blushing indicate that Jermaine
recognizes his error.
LaVonne is majoring in engineering, but she dislikes all of her engineering classes and loves all of her government classes. One day, when LaVonne is reading political science to avoid reading engineering, she decides to change her major and become a lawyer. LaVonne’s decision reflects which quality of emotions?
They provide information about significant personal goals.
The Cannon-Bard theory argues that physiological responses and emotional experiences occur
roughly simultaneously and independently
Question 9
1 / 1 pts
The strongest cross-cultural congruence in the identification of emotions seems to involve ________, and the weakest seems to involve ________.
happiness; fear and disgust
A child is very excited to go to the playground. He is walking in circles, fidgeting with his hands, and showing other forms of agitation. These behaviors are almost certainly the result of
arousal.
Which of the following emotions is an infant capable of expressing at birth?
pain
All of the answer options are correct( pain ,joy
disgust)
Which brain region processes the emotional significance of stimuli and generates immediate emotional and behavioral reactions?
amygdala
Which of the following statements is true about display rules?
They are learned through socialization.
Ahmad and Sheila just moved in together. While unpacking, they begin to fight and Sheila becomes frustrated when Ahmad cannot explain to her why he is upset. According to the textbook, why might this be occurring?
Women tend to be better at expressing their emotions than men.
Blake is waiting to hear whether he has been accepted to medical school. He is so anxious that he is having trouble working. To cope with the situation, he tries to keep himself from thinking about medical school or the admissions process. By engaging in this ________, Blake is likely to ________.
thought suppression; think about medical school even more
Studies have shown that guilt is primarily influenced by ________, whereas other negative emotions are primarily influenced by _______
the social environment; genetics
According to the textbook, what is the current consensus on the use of neuroimaging methods such as fMRI for lie detection?
There are ethical and methodological issues that need to be considered before fMRI can be used in the courtroom.
