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Science of Psychology > chapter 1 quis > Flashcards

chapter 1 quis Flashcards

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1
Q

Dualism is the idea that?

A

The mind and the brain are separate entities

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2
Q

which of the following statements best captures historical trends in the cognitive approach in psychology?

A

in the 1970s,cognitive psychology emphasized the mind : today,it focuses on both the mind and the brain

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3
Q

psychology developed into a disipline in?

A

nineteenh-century Europe

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4
Q

suppose you are asked to write a newspaper article on a controversial political topic and you want to make sure you are not influenced by the confirmation bias. which of the following should you do in order to avoid this bias?

A

place equal importance on evidence that supports and contradicts your own beliefs

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5
Q

Based on the textbook’s definition of psychology,which statement best reflects the relationship between the mind and the brain?

A

The brain influences the mind

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6
Q

Gestalt psychology is LEAST relevant to our understanding of which of the following topics?

A

cellular neuroscience

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7
Q

the psychologists most likely to wrok in business are psychologists

A

organizational

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8
Q

which early school of psychology used introspection to study subjective mental experiences?

A

Strukturalism

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9
Q

Jordan studies consciounsess by training himelsf to objectively report on his own sensations,which is similar to how the school investigated psychology.

A

Structuralist

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10
Q

imagine that you have just made an exciting discovery as a psycholog reseracher. which of the following would be a good reason to cell your results” groundbreaking” ?

A

to signal that your research represents a new approach that could change the field going forward.

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11
Q

which of the following is true about the history of psychology?

A

psychology was influenced by theoretical developements in philosophy and biology.

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12
Q

which of the following is an example of the biological level of anaysis?

A

examining how the death of a sponuse results in changes in serotonin in the brain.

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13
Q

according to the text ,amiable skepticism is an important element in a tupe of reasoning called

A

critical thinking

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14
Q

a media report indicates that a new brain imaging test has been developed for detecting depression. As a critical thinker ,you would

A

learn more about the methods of the study so that you can evaluate the strength of the conclusions.

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15
Q

mindy is psychologist who was hired to try to improve the morale and motivation of the workers in a company. mindy is probably a(n) psychologist.

A

industrial/organizational

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16
Q

who would be most likely to agree with the statement, “psychologists should study that which is observable”?

A

a behavioral psychologist

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17
Q

Robert studies music preferences.Roberto claims that it is useless to isolate and listen to only a rhythm,a violin part ,or another single aspect of music because perceiving the complete piece is most important. Roberto’s opinion is similar to the approach.

A

Gestalt

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18
Q

which cultural group is most likely to focus on an entire image rather than the single elements of its foreground?

A

Eastern cultures

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19
Q

which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook

A

to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological science

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20
Q

which of the following philosophers is most noted for promoting dualism as an explanation of the mind/body problem?

A

Rene Descartes

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21
Q

Critcal thinking is best defined as thinking that

A

is systematic and reasonable

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22
Q

which level of analysis in psychology is correctly matched with an example?

A

biological level: cocaine exerts effects by prolonging the presence of specfic chemicals at the junctions between nerve cells

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23
Q

Noreen assets that our behavior often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts. This viewpoint is most consistent with the approach in psychology

A

Freudian

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24
Q

which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly matched with a sample topic ?

A

Cognitive psychology: the influence of emotions on decision making

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25
Q

which of the following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias?

A

selective memory ,which is the tendency to better remember information that supports our existing beliefs

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26
Q

the text reviews three general developments in biology that have helped fuel the development of psychological science. which of the following is aming these developments?

A

Brain imagine methods allow scientists to watch a working brain.

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27
Q

which of the following is the best example of amiable skepticism?

A

Rejecting a research finding if it is not supported by good evidence

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28
Q

early psychologists learned that the reporting of mental experience changes the experience. this was a problem for the method (s) of

A

introspection and stream of consciousness

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29
Q

a genome is a

A

genetic blueprint

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30
Q

Taj is witing a paper on global warming. he only inculdes resarch findings that support his own beliefs about global warming because he thinks that all the contradictory findings must be the result of flawed reserach. this is an example of

A

confirmation bias

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31
Q

which of the following is an example of critical thinking outside the topic of psychology?

A

a doctor revising her diagnosis after learning new information about a patient’s symptoms

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32
Q

suppose your friend is in a traumatic car accident and the doctors are worried that she may develop posstraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However,she seems to be coping well and is not showing and symptoms of PTSD. how would a strict nature -only theorist explain this situation?

A

Your friend inherited a genetic resillience against stressors that can lead to PTSD.

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33
Q

Paul researches how cooperation in humans increases our ability to survive and successfully raise children. Paul uses a (n) approach in his reserach.

A

evolutionary

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34
Q

psychological science crosses which level (S) of analysis?

A

all of the answere options are correct. ( biological, social, individual )

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35
Q

a recent survey found that 80 percent of high school students believed that they were above average on reading, writing,and math skills. Given that only 50 percent of any group can be above average on any dimension ,this is an example of

A

difficulty recognizing weaknesses

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36
Q

which of the following subfields of psychology is incorrectly matched with its description?

A

cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception to death

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37
Q

who first proposed that psychology should be a science of observation and experimentatorn in order to discover the laws of the mind?

A

John Stuart Mill

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38
Q

which of the following statements best captures the view of contemporary psychological science with respect to the nature vs. nurture debate?

A

psychological characteristics are best understood as resulting from the inseparable interaction of nature and nurture.

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39
Q

which level of analysis in psychology is correctly matched with an example?

A

biological level:cocaine exerts its effects by prolonging the presence of specific chemicals at the junctions between nerve cells.

40
Q

workplace training and job placement would be of interest to which type of psychologist?

A

industrial/organizational

41
Q

which of the following is a characteristic of a good consumer of scientific reserch?

A

all of the answere options are correct( open to new ideas, carefull conisiders the facts,wary of scientific findings)

42
Q

the psychological approach that emphasizes the role of the environment in influencing behavior is

A

behaviorism

43
Q

psychological science crosses which level (s) of analysis?

A

all of the answer options are correct. (social, individual, biological)

44
Q

Dave walks into his dorm and finds his roommate Pete concentrating as he stares at an apple. when he questions what he is doing. Pete tells Dave he is trying to describe the apple’s quality and intensity. Pete is using what technique?

A

introspection

45
Q

Dr. Leleux asserts that psychologists should attempt to isolate the fundamental attributes of mental experience. Dr. Leleux appears most sympathetic to the ________ school of thought in psychology.

A

Structuralist

46
Q

According to the nature/nurture debate, the nature view states that individual psychological characteristics are a result of

A

biological influences

47
Q

Which of the following is an example of research done at the individual level of analysis?

A

studying how different personality traits can influence job success

48
Q

which of the following is a benefit of using heuristics and mental shortcuts?

A

the y can lead to reasonably good decisions without too much effort

49
Q

Which of the following statements best summarizes the role of culture in shaping behaviors?

A

culture plays an important role in shaping our behaviors

50
Q

Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species had its strongest influence on the ________ school of thought in psychology.

A

Functionlist

51
Q

Psychoanalysis is a type of psychological treatment developed by ________, a Viennese neurologist.

A

Sigmund Freud

52
Q

Based on the textbook’s definition of psychology, which statement best reflects the relationship between the mind and the brain?

A

The brain influences the mind

53
Q

With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be most interested in

A

How emotions aid one’s adaptation to the environment

54
Q

Dr. Growe is reading an article reporting research in which psychologists investigated the effect of group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of ________ Psychology.

A

social

55
Q

Which of the following is an example of using BOTH critical thinking and scientific reasoning?

A

conducting research to investigate the effectiveness of left brain/right brain games in improving memory

56
Q

Who would be most likely to agree with the statement, “Psychologists should study that which is observable”?

A

a behavioral psychologist

57
Q

Dr. Scott is testing whether cultural norms about emotion influence neural responses to different emotional expressions. Dr. Scott’s research is in the area of

A

Cultural neuroscience

58
Q

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with positive psychology?

A

Seligman

59
Q

Which of the following best explains why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes?

A

The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things.

60
Q

Clinical psychologists work with individuals

A

with severe mental illness.

61
Q

In which order did the behaviorists discussed in the text make their most important contributions to the field, from the earliest to the most recent?

A

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner

62
Q

The fact that a variety of thoughts come to mind even as you are engaged in the activity of taking this exam exemplifies psychologist William James’s concept of

A

stream of consciousness

63
Q

Which of the following is an example of a question scientists might ask regarding evolutionary adaptations in humans?

A

Why do young children develop a fear of heights, as shown in visual cliff studies?

64
Q

The human genome consists of ________, and the connectome consists of ________.

A

the genetic code; connections between brain regions

65
Q

Psychological science is the study of

A

All of the answer options are correct(
the brain,behavior ,the mind)

66
Q

Which of the following psychologists are most closely associated with humanistic psychology?

A

Rogers and Maslow

67
Q

A person who is a terrible cook and yet insists on cooking dinner for friends exemplifies

A

being unaware of one’s weaknesses due to lack of skill.

68
Q

Which area of psychology studies how the mind processes, stores, and retrieves information?

A

cognitive

69
Q

Maria is interested in how children process letters when learning to read. If she were doing her research in the 1890s, which method would she have been likely to use?

A

Calculate the time it takes a child to read a six-letter word versus a three-letter word.

70
Q

Which career is LEAST likely to require knowledge of the principles of psychology?

A

a botanist

71
Q

An educated consumer of psychological science must be willing to ________ research findings and ________ their beliefs.

A

evaluate:update

72
Q

With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be most interested in

A

how emotions aid one’s adaptation to the environment

73
Q

Kim spent years studying children in a remote village. To understand how their behavior and mental processes change over time, she would like to study them over the course of their lifetimes. Kim is most likely a ________ psychologist.

A

developmental

74
Q

In which city did Wilhelm Wundt open the first psychological laboratory?

A

Leipzig, Germany

75
Q

Kim spent years studying children in a remote village. To understand how their behavior and mental processes change over time, she would like to study them over the course of their lifetimes. Kim is most likely a ________ psychologist.

A

cognitive

76
Q

Isaac is trying to decide how often shark attacks happen. He quickly remembers the many shows about shark attacks that he saw on television last week, so he decides that they must be common. Isaac’s overestimation of the rate of shark attacks is an example of

A

taking mental shortcuts.

77
Q

According to your text, a turning point in the history of experimental psychology was

A

John Stuart Mill declaring that methods of science were required to understand the mind

78
Q

Which of the following statements best summarizes the role of culture in shaping behaviors?

A

Culture plays an important role in shaping our behaviors.

79
Q

The nature in the nature/nurture debate refers to ________ factors affecting human psychological development.

A

either biological or environmental

80
Q

Allanah is a psychology major. Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn about?

A

the mind, the brain, and behavior

81
Q

The area of science that focuses on studying the working brain is called

A

neuroscience.

82
Q

A procedure in which an observer describes the simple elements of a mental experience in as much detail as possible is called

A

introspection.

83
Q

Noreen asserts that our behavior often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts. This viewpoint is most consistent with the ________ approach in psychology.

A

Fredudian

84
Q

Which of the following subfields of psychology is correctly matched with a sample topic?

A

cognitive psychology: the influence of emotions on decision making

85
Q

The text reviews three general developments in biology that have helped fuel the development of psychological science. Which of the following is among these developments?

A

Brain imaging methods allow scientists to watch a working brain.

86
Q

Which of the following is the best example of amiable skepticism?

A

Rejecting a research finding if it is not supported by good evidence.

87
Q

Which of the following developments was most important in the rise of the cognitive approach in psychology?

A

the emergence of computers

88
Q

The human genome consists of ________, and the connectome consists of ________.

A

the genetic code; connections between brain regions

89
Q

Leyna conducts research with puppies in training to determine if punishing them for inappropriate behavior will be more effective than rewarding them for appropriate behavior. In this example, Leyna is using a ________ approach in her research.

A

behaviorist

90
Q

With respect to the psychology of emotion, William James would be most interested in

A

how emotions aid one’s adaptation to the environment.

91
Q

Which of the following best explains why errors and biases occur in our thinking processes?

A

The human brain is highly efficient at finding patterns between things.

92
Q

Clinical psychologists work with individuals

A

with severe mental illness

93
Q

Roberto studies music preferences. Roberto claims that it is useless to isolate and listen to only a rhythm, a violin part, or another single aspect of music because perceiving the complete piece is most important. Roberto’s opinion is similar to the ________ approach.

A

gestalt

94
Q

Leyna conducts research with puppies in training to determine if punishing them for inappropriate behavior will be more effective than rewarding them for appropriate behavior. In this example, Leyna is using a ________ approach in her research.

A

behaviorist

95
Q

Topics such as perception, thinking, and learning are studied by ________ psychologists.

A

cognitive

Science of Psychology (7 decks)

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