Chapter 10- Classification and evolution

Question 1

Define classification

Answer 1

The process by which living organisms are sorted into groups.

Question 2

Define species

Answer 2

Group of organisms that are able to reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Question 3

Define phylogeny

Answer 3

Name given to the evolutionary relationships between organisms.

Question 4

Define homologous structure

Answer 4

A structure that appears superficially different in different organisms but has the same underlying structure.

Question 5

Define divergent evolution

Answer 5

Describes how from a common ancestor different species have evolved, each with a different set of adaptive features.

Question 6

Define comparative anatomy

Answer 6

The study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different living species.

Question 7

Define comparative biochmistry

Answer 7

The study of similarities and differences in the proteins and other molecules that control life processes.

Question 8

Define variation

Answer 8

The difference in characteristics between organisms

Question 9

Define interspecific variation

Answer 9

Variation between members of different species

Question 10

Define intraspecific variation

Answer 10

Variation between organisms within the same species.

Question 11

Define adaptations

Answer 11

Characteristics that increase an organism’s chance of survival and reproduction in its environment.

Question 12

Define analogous structure

Answer 12

Structures adapted to perform the same function but have a different genetic origin.

Question 13

Define convergent evolution

Answer 13

When unrelated species share similar traits.

Question 14

Define selective pressures

Answer 14

Factors that affect the organism’s chances of survival and reproductive success.

Question 15

Define pre-adaptation

Answer 15

When an organism’s existing trait is advantageous for a new situation.