Chapter 10 - Addictive disorders Flashcards
Synthetic drugs
Also known as new psychoactive substances, use manmade chemicals to mimic the effects of traditional drugs such as cannabis or cocaine.
Disease model of addiction
View that alcoholism (or another behavioural addiction) is an incurable physical disease, like epilepsy or diabetes, such that only total abstinence can control it.
Endogenous opioid system
The systems within the body that produce/respond to both internally produced opioids (e.g., endorphins) and ingested opioids (e.g., morphine) or opiates 9e.g., opium)
Classical conditioning
Form of learning in which a neutral stimulus, through its repeated association with a stimulus that naturally elicits a certain response, acquires the ability to produce the same response.
Instrumental (operant) learning model
A model which posits that substance use problems develop as a result of conditioning based on instrumental learning principles.
Impulsivity
Difficulty controlling behaviours; acting without thinking first.
Serotonin
Drugs manufactured using artificial or human-made chemicals rather than natural ingredients.
Dopamine
Neurotransmitter in the brain, with excessive function of the dopaminergic neurotransmitter system theorised to contribute to the development of schizophrenia.
Noradrenaline
Neurotransmitter that is involved in the regulation of mood (also known as norepinephrine).
Sensation seeking
Personality trait entailing a desire for novel and stimulating experiences.
Personality disorder
Chronic pattern of maladaptive cognition, emotion and behaviour that begins in adolescence or early adulthood and continues into later adulthood.
Operant (instrumental) conditioning
Form of learning in which behaviours elicit consequences that either reinforces or punish the organism, leading to an increased or decreased probability respectively of the behaviour occurring in the future.
