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Psych Final > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the four theories?

A
  • behaviorist
  • cognitive
  • humanistic
  • sociocultural
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2
Q

What is the behaviorist theory?

A

changes in behavior result from experiences with environment

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3
Q

What is the cognitive theory?

A

expectations/belief and attempts to understand how the world works

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4
Q

What is the sociocultural theory?

A

individual participation in communities that value and support learning

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5
Q

What is the humanistic theory?

A

attempts to fulfill their total potential as human beings

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6
Q

What is the humanistic approach?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, deficiency vs. growth needs

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7
Q

What are the levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy? (bottom to top)

A

1) Physiological
2) Safety
3) Belongingness and Love
4) Esteem
5) Esthetic and Cognitive
6) Self-Actualization

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8
Q

Which needs are basic and which are metaneeds?

A

1-4 basic, 5&6 metaneeds

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9
Q

Why are needs 1-4 basic?

A

always need to be replenished and have to be fulfilled before you can move up the pyramid

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10
Q

Who created the Need to Achieve?

A

Atkinson and McClelland

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11
Q

What is the Need to Achieve?

A

A system of two drives that push our motivation

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12
Q

What is the first drive?

A

Need to Achieve (nAch) which is the desire to learn something about yourself and grow

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13
Q

What is the second drive?

A

Fear of Failure (FoF) which is the desire to avoid looking dumb or incompetent

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14
Q

What are the three different probabilities?

A
  • low failure = higher cost of failure
  • high failure = lower cost of failure
  • don’t participate = no failure/cost
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15
Q

What is FoF in regards to a test? Specific name?

A

ensuring failure by blaming situation. Self-handicapping

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16
Q

How does this relate to the Learning/Mastery Goal Theory?

A

(High nAch) focus on accomplishing a task, improving, and increasing understanding

17
Q

How does this relate to the Performance Goal Theory?

A

(High FoF) focus on demonstrating ability and competence and how learners compare to others

18
Q

What is Approaching?

A

emphasizes looking competent and receiving favorable judgements from others

19
Q

What is Avoiding?

A

emphasizes attempts to avoid looking incompetent and being judged unfavorably

20
Q

What is Weiner’s Attribution Theory?

A

describes learners’ beliefs about the causes of their successes and failures and how these beliefs influence motivation to learn

21
Q

What are the three attributions that influence learners?

A
  • emotional reactions to success/failure
  • expectations for future success
  • future effort
22
Q

What is Learned Helplessness?

A

debilitating belief that one is incapable of accomplishing tasks and has little control of the environment

23
Q

What is Eccles’ Expectancy x Value Theory?

A

If you have no expectancy then no value is placed on assignment and the result is no motivation

24
Q

What is a Social Goal?

A

achieve a particular social outcome or interaction

25
Q

What is a Work-Avoidance Goal?

A

feeling successful when tasks are easy or can be completed with little effort

26
Q

What is Self-Efficacy?

A

belief that one is capable of accomplishing a specific task

27
Q

What are the four factors that influence Self-Efficacy?

A

1) Performance
2) Models
3) Persuasion
4) State

28
Q

Factor One: Past Performance

A

past success on similar tasks provides evidence that learners are capable of completing the task

29
Q

Factor Two: Modeling

A

observing others succeed raises expectations and provides information about how a task should be performed

30
Q

Factor Three: Verbal Persuasion

A

encourages learners to try challenging tasks and succeed then increases self-efficacy

31
Q

Factor Four: Emotional State

A

negative emotional states can reduce self-efficacy by filling working memory with thought of failure

32
Q

What are students with high-efficacy like?

A

they accept more challenging tasks, exert more effort, persist longer, use more effective strategies and generally perform better

33
Q

What are the types of values that influence motivation?

A
  • interest
  • importance (attainment value)
  • utility value
  • cost
34
Q

What is the interest? EX

A

(Personal and situational) if you have an interest in the topic you have more motivation

35
Q

What is importance? EX

A

(Attainment Value) importance of an individual attaches to doing well on a task [negative self-efficacy=low importance]

36
Q

What is utility value? EX

A

belief that a topic, activity, or course of study will be useful for meeting future goals

37
Q

What is cost? EX

A

the consideration of what a person must give up to engage in an activity [impossible workload=high cost=no motivation]

Psych Final (6 decks)

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