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Nutr 466 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

inner force that activates or moves a person towards a goal

A

motivation

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2
Q

something that prompts a person to action

A

motive

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3
Q

toward force is ___motivation, away force is ___ motivation

A

positive; negative

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4
Q

when unable to meet goals, may exhibit these defensive behaviours:

A

withdrawal, aggression, substitution, compensation, revert/regress, repression, projection, rationalization

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5
Q

order of maslow’s hierarchy?

A

physiological, safety, social, esteem, actualization

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6
Q

Alderfer proposed this model of human needs:

A

Existence Relatedness Growth (frustration regression principle)

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7
Q

This theory proposed by McClelland:

A

achievement-power-affiliation

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8
Q

Herzberg developed this theory:

A

two-factor theory focusing on outcomes of performance that satisfy needs

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9
Q

factors related to job satisfaction:

A

achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, the work itself, potential for growth

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10
Q

factors related to job dissatisfaction:

A

pay, supervision, job security, working conditions, org policies, interpersonal relationships

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11
Q

theory based on belief that ppl act in such a manner as to increase pleasure and decrease displeasure

A

expectancy

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12
Q

ppl expect that ^ effort leads to ^ ___, which ^_____

A

performance; rewards

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13
Q

value an employee places on rewards offered by org

A

valence

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14
Q

Skinner’s theory that ppl behave in certain ways cuz learned that certain behaviours associated with positive and others with negative outcomes

A

reinforcement (operant conditioning, behaviour modification)

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15
Q

how to achieve “flow” (intrinsic motivation)?

A

high skill level for task and high challenge lvl in task itself

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16
Q

4 components of job satisfaction:

A

personality, values, work situation, social influence

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17
Q

job satisfaction vs. morale?

A

individual’s feelings/attitudes about job vs. group attitudes

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18
Q

job-satisfied employees more likely to engage in:

A

Organizational Citizenship Behaviours (OCBs), positive voluntary behaviours enhancing org efficiency

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19
Q

___ commitment is when employees happy to be part of org and want to stay, ___ commitment is when employees think cost of leaving too great and have to stay

A

affective; continuous

20
Q

French and Raven’s 7 types of power:

A

legitimate, reward, coercive, expert, referent, information, connection

21
Q

What is Theory X?

A

motivation through fear , need close supervision to reach goals

22
Q

What is Theory Y?

A

permitting employees to experience personal satisfaction and be self directed

23
Q

Argyris’s theory?

A

Immaturity-Maturity

24
Q

George and Jones’ 8 traits of leaders:

A

integrity and honesty, emotional maturity, intelligence, task-relevant knowledge, dominance, self confidence, energy/activity level, tolerance for stress

25
Q

two major concepts of leadership by Uni of Michigan studies:

A

employee orientation and production orientation

26
Q

4 basic management styles (Likert):

A

exploitive autocratic, benevolent autocratic, consultative, participative

27
Q

2 dimensions of leadership by Ohio State studies:

A

consideration and initiating structure

28
Q

7 basic styles of leadership:

A

impoverished, country club, authority obedience, mid road, team, paternalistic, opportunistic

29
Q

5 best practices of Leadership Practices Inventory:

A

challenging the process, inspiring shared vision, enabling others, modeling the way, encouraging the heart

30
Q

Tannenbaum and Schmidt developed this :

A

leadership continuum (telling–>delegating)

31
Q

three components that affect leadership appropriate for situation:

A

manager, subordinates, situation

32
Q

Fiedler’s Contingency Approach proposes 3 variables to determine whether a given situation is favourable to leaders:

A

leader-member relations, task structure, position power

33
Q

task oriented better in _____, relationship oriented better in _____

A

extreme situations; moderate situations

34
Q

3 components of leader effectiveness model?

A

task behaviour and relationship behaviour , worker readiness (willingness and ability)

35
Q

what is consistency?

A

using same style for all similar situations and varying appropriately as situation changes

36
Q

path-goal leadership model focuses on these 4 types of leader behaviour:

A

directive, supportive, achievement oriented, participative

37
Q

Path-Goal leadership based on ___ concept of motivation

A

expectancy

38
Q

Path-goal leadership focuses on 2 situational factors:

A

internal or external locus of control, characteristics of work enviro

39
Q

Bass’ transformational leadership focuses on transforming followers to do these three things:

A

trust the leader, perform and contribute to further org goals, perform at high level

40
Q

leadership that is opposite of transformational, focusing on clarifying roles and responsibilities and using rewards/punishments to achieve goals

A

transactional

41
Q

what are Yukl’s three additional leadership competencies?

A

emotional intelligence, social intelligence, and metacognition

42
Q

6 leadership styles within primal model:

A

visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetter, commanding

43
Q

Techniques for leader development:

A

360-degree feedback, networking, executive coaching, mentoring, job assignments, action learning

44
Q

4 dimensions of DiSC?

A

Dominance, influence, steadiness, comscientiousness

45
Q

management vs leadership?

A

complexities vs change, organize/staff vs. aligning/communicating/empowering, control/push vs. empower, present vs. future, policies/procedures vs. goals/strategies, objective vs. emotional, positional vs. personal

46
Q

7 habits of highly effective ppl are:

A

proactivity, begin with end in mind, put first things first, think win/win, seek first to understand before being understood, synergize, renew yourself

47
Q

several guidelines to better accept and adjust to change:

A

accept, anticipate, monitor, adapt quickly, change, enjoy, be ready to change quickly

Nutr 466 (8 decks)

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